{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413700486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18173989","title":"Study of the Printing Characteristics of a 3D Printing Solution for the Purpose of Process Optimization","display_name":"Study of the Printing Characteristics of a 3D Printing Solution for the Purpose of Process Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413700486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18173989","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40942415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma18173989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18173989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/17/3989/pdf?version=1756193811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/17/3989/pdf?version=1756193811","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063910299","display_name":"Shuai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-3326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099901","display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/015x8jm48","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-5065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099901","display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/015x8jm48","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3031-5065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102974492","display_name":"Ya Lin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-6230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099901","display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/015x8jm48","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004659338","display_name":"Xiaoming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3803-2135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I275542036","display_name":"Metallurgical Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k6zrs81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I275542036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China MCC22 Group Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100062, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China MCC22 Group Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100062, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I275542036","https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004303232","display_name":"Huajie Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I275542036","display_name":"Metallurgical Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k6zrs81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I275542036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huajie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["China MCC22 Group Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100062, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China MCC22 Group Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100062, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I275542036","https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041525053","display_name":"Lian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-9453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099901","display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/015x8jm48","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114212888","display_name":"Yongkang Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099901","display_name":"Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development","ror":"https://ror.org/015x8jm48","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongkang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"fwci":1.7976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85788167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"17","first_page":"3989","last_page":"3989"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.7926848530769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6411182880401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.6041727066040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5359683036804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"Process optimization","score":0.42437100410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.36258208751678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.3590441346168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3212432861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.30637645721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.25100117921829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21924147009849548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.7926848530769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6411182880401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.6041727066040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5359683036804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115952470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332172","display_name":"Process optimization","level":2,"score":0.42437100410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.36258208751678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3590441346168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3212432861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30637645721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.25100117921829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21924147009849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma18173989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18173989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/17/3989/pdf?version=1756193811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40942415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40942415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12428811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12428811/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma18173989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18173989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/17/3989/pdf?version=1756193811","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8666619293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5160802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413700486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413700486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974221510","https://openalex.org/W2030488271","https://openalex.org/W2122541906","https://openalex.org/W2606387782","https://openalex.org/W2753170214","https://openalex.org/W2790480906","https://openalex.org/W2796304963","https://openalex.org/W2902994997","https://openalex.org/W2916091938","https://openalex.org/W2951747686","https://openalex.org/W2968817102","https://openalex.org/W2987444232","https://openalex.org/W3026114808","https://openalex.org/W3042047916","https://openalex.org/W3092974984","https://openalex.org/W3093021825","https://openalex.org/W3105582364","https://openalex.org/W3182884569","https://openalex.org/W3200076984","https://openalex.org/W3206204534","https://openalex.org/W4223599117","https://openalex.org/W4296010621","https://openalex.org/W4309632158","https://openalex.org/W4321457782","https://openalex.org/W4322631714","https://openalex.org/W4353067004","https://openalex.org/W4385522738","https://openalex.org/W4390959633","https://openalex.org/W4392106453","https://openalex.org/W4394630337","https://openalex.org/W4401102898","https://openalex.org/W4407597733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1955801659","https://openalex.org/W3036311796","https://openalex.org/W4367665844","https://openalex.org/W4285543619","https://openalex.org/W4319589397","https://openalex.org/W2582005554","https://openalex.org/W3131618301","https://openalex.org/W3158363272","https://openalex.org/W3089387070","https://openalex.org/W4286541817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"research":[1,42],"and":[2,28,30,39,61,67,88,107,114,134,158,177,204,219,236],"technical":[3],"standards":[4],"primarily":[5],"rely":[6],"on":[7,46],"observational":[8],"methods":[9],"to":[10,36,118,174,186],"evaluate":[11,72,221],"the":[12,56,80,99,128,135,144,152,159,165,178,192,222,231,234],"printability":[13,59],"of":[14,22,58,82,102,130,225,239],"3D":[15],"printing":[16,146,196,237],"materials.":[17,244],"There":[18],"is":[19,43,155,163,171,183],"a":[20],"lack":[21],"quantitative":[23,64,215],"assessment":[24],"metrics":[25,224],"for":[26],"extrudability":[27,38],"supportability,":[29],"experimental":[31,92,95],"data":[32],"cannot":[33],"be":[34],"used":[35],"characterize":[37],"buildability.":[40],"Further":[41],"needed.":[44],"Based":[45],"traditional":[47,85],"workability":[48,86,235],"parameters":[49],"(such":[50],"as":[51,111],"flowability),":[52],"this":[53],"study":[54],"explored":[55],"influence":[57],"characteristics":[60],"adopted":[62],"two":[63,76,214],"indicators-extrusion":[65],"uniformity":[66,101,154],"cumulative":[68,123,160],"deformation":[69,124,161],"rate-to":[70],"comprehensively":[71],"material":[73],"performance":[74,147,223],"from":[75],"aspects,":[77],"while":[78,228],"observing":[79],"trend":[81],"changes":[83],"in":[84,137],"indicators":[87,216],"print":[89],"quality":[90,238],"under":[91],"conditions.":[93],"The":[94,122],"results":[96],"showed":[97],"that":[98,211],"extrusion":[100,153],"3D-printed":[103,226,240],"mortar":[104,193],"initially":[105],"improved":[106],"then":[108],"gradually":[109],"deteriorated":[110],"flowability":[112],"increased,":[113],"was":[115],"inversely":[116],"proportional":[117],"dynamic":[119,167],"yield":[120,139,168,180],"stress.":[121,140],"rate":[125,162],"decreases":[126],"with":[127],"improvement":[129],"height":[131],"retention":[132],"capability":[133,201],"increase":[136],"static":[138,179],"Through":[141],"parameter":[142],"analysis,":[143],"optimal":[145],"conditions":[148],"were":[149],"determined:":[150],"when":[151],"below":[156],"3.3%":[157],"\u22646%,":[164],"corresponding":[166],"stress":[169,181],"range":[170,182],"200":[172],"Pa":[173,185],"800":[175],"Pa,":[176],"1800":[184],"3300":[187],"Pa.":[188],"Under":[189],"these":[190,213],"parameters,":[191],"exhibits":[194],"excellent":[195],"performance,":[197],"including":[198],"high-layer":[199],"stacking":[200],"(\u226530":[202],"layers)":[203],"enhanced":[205],"structural":[206],"stability.":[207],"This":[208],"experiment":[209],"demonstrates":[210],"using":[212],"can":[217],"simply":[218],"efficiently":[220],"materials,":[227],"also":[229],"revealing":[230],"relationship":[232],"between":[233],"recycled":[241],"micro-powder":[242],"geopolymer":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
