{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412784624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143375","title":"Mechanical Properties of Bio-Printed Mortars with Bio-Additives for Green and Sustainable Construction","display_name":"Mechanical Properties of Bio-Printed Mortars with Bio-Additives for Green and Sustainable Construction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412784624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143375","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma18143375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/14/3375/pdf?version=1752831862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/14/3375/pdf?version=1752831862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092717310","display_name":"Sotirios Pemas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4416-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotirios Pemas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4416-0813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119135798","display_name":"Dimitrios Baliakas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Baliakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Building Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Building Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053276631","display_name":"Eleftheria Maria Pechlivani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-2815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eleftheria Maria Pechlivani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-2815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033414492","display_name":"Maria Stefanidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-9533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Stefanidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Building Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-9533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Building Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033414492","https://openalex.org/A5053276631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196","https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"fwci":0.8988,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75935849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"14","first_page":"3375","last_page":"3375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.7713562846183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious","display_name":"Cementitious","score":0.6814529299736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6068593859672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"Porosity","score":0.5221983790397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmentally-friendly","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","score":0.4840668737888336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.4840382933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compaction","display_name":"Compaction","score":0.4800666272640228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pozzolan","display_name":"Pozzolan","score":0.44665074348449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.44296663999557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.441037654876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lime","display_name":"Lime","score":0.4339814782142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3371962904930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.3311575651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.17635786533355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14907905459403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.12735584378242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portland-cement","display_name":"Portland cement","score":0.10971954464912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.7713562846183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.6814529299736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6068593859672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.5221983790397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.4840668737888336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.4840382933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.4800666272640228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77835500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694124","display_name":"Pozzolan","level":4,"score":0.44665074348449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.44296663999557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.441037654876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778218555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250423","display_name":"Lime","level":2,"score":0.4339814782142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3371962904930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3311575651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.17635786533355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14907905459403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.12735584378242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.10971954464912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma18143375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/14/3375/pdf?version=1752831862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40731585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12301057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12301057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma18143375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/14/3375/pdf?version=1752831862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471463218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101135505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412784624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412784624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014260420","https://openalex.org/W2017965114","https://openalex.org/W2026978266","https://openalex.org/W2071144652","https://openalex.org/W2621412568","https://openalex.org/W2735509798","https://openalex.org/W2886568155","https://openalex.org/W2977181567","https://openalex.org/W2988928286","https://openalex.org/W3113215898","https://openalex.org/W3170980595","https://openalex.org/W4210688985","https://openalex.org/W4220907439","https://openalex.org/W4225838770","https://openalex.org/W4238971543","https://openalex.org/W4317670146","https://openalex.org/W4362560158","https://openalex.org/W4380520259","https://openalex.org/W4385892631","https://openalex.org/W4386715630","https://openalex.org/W4386778382","https://openalex.org/W4392925648","https://openalex.org/W4399184918","https://openalex.org/W4400525164","https://openalex.org/W4401201346","https://openalex.org/W4401357291","https://openalex.org/W4402372215","https://openalex.org/W4403654688","https://openalex.org/W4404075810","https://openalex.org/W4404477872","https://openalex.org/W6856659737","https://openalex.org/W6945320557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062146078","https://openalex.org/W4253199299","https://openalex.org/W4311609938","https://openalex.org/W4250412144","https://openalex.org/W4240625234","https://openalex.org/W4248018488","https://openalex.org/W2888355491","https://openalex.org/W620387863","https://openalex.org/W201109656","https://openalex.org/W1998079547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Additive":[0],"manufacturing":[1],"(AM)":[2],"has":[3],"brought":[4],"significant":[5,225],"breakthroughs":[6],"to":[7,15,36,43,109,136,222,229,244],"the":[8,13,52,73,111,126,143,146,209,215,232,248],"construction":[9,27,41,60,152],"sector,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,98,163,167],"ability":[14],"fabricate":[16],"complex":[17],"geometries,":[18],"enhance":[19],"efficiency,":[20],"and":[21,26,45,80,85,96,124,134,160,170,211,240],"reduce":[22],"both":[23,203],"material":[24],"usage":[25],"waste.":[28],"However,":[29],"several":[30],"challenges":[31,127],"must":[32],"still":[33],"be":[34,119],"addressed":[35],"fully":[37],"transition":[38],"from":[39],"conventional":[40],"practices":[42],"innovative":[44],"sustainable":[46,99,138],"green":[47,59],"alternatives.":[48],"This":[49],"study":[50,105,196],"investigates":[51],"use":[53,157,191],"of":[54,75,103,113,128,145,187,214],"non-cementitious":[55],"traditional":[56,181],"mixtures":[57,76],"for":[58,121,189],"applications":[61],"through":[62],"3D":[63,132,193],"printing":[64,249],"using":[65],"Liquid":[66],"Deposition":[67],"Modeling":[68],"(LDM)":[69],"technology.":[70],"To":[71],"explore":[72],"development":[74],"with":[77,142,177],"enhanced":[78],"physical":[79,210],"mechanical":[81,212,238],"properties,":[82],"natural":[83,161],"pine":[84],"cypress":[86],"wood":[87],"shavings":[88],"were":[89],"added":[90],"in":[91,131,192],"varying":[92],"proportions":[93],"(1%,":[94],"3%,":[95],"5%)":[97],"additives.":[100],"The":[101,154,195],"aim":[102],"this":[104,183],"is":[106],"twofold:":[107],"first,":[108],"demonstrate":[110],"printability":[112],"these":[114],"eco-friendly":[115],"mortars":[116,156,234],"that":[117,140],"can":[118],"used":[120],"conservation":[122],"purposes":[123],"overcome":[125],"incorporating":[129],"bio-products":[130,178],"printing;":[133],"second,":[135],"develop":[137],"composites":[139],"align":[141],"objectives":[144],"European":[147],"Green":[148],"Deal,":[149],"offering":[150],"low-emission":[151],"solutions.":[153],"proposed":[155],"hydrated":[158],"lime":[159],"pozzolan":[162],"binders,":[164],"river":[165],"sand":[166],"an":[168],"aggregate,":[169],"a":[171],"polycarboxylate":[172],"superplasticizer.":[173],"While":[174],"most":[175],"studies":[176],"focus":[179],"on":[180,208],"methods,":[182],"research":[184],"provides":[185],"proof":[186],"concept":[188],"their":[190],"printing.":[194],"results":[197],"indicate":[198],"that,":[199],"at":[200],"low":[201],"percentages,":[202],"additives":[204],"had":[205],"minimal":[206],"effect":[207],"properties":[213],"tested":[216],"mortars,":[217],"whereas":[218],"higher":[219],"percentages":[220],"led":[221],"progressively":[223],"more":[224],"deterioration.":[226],"Additionally,":[227],"compared":[228],"molded":[230],"specimens,":[231],"3D-printed":[233],"exhibited":[235],"slightly":[236],"reduced":[237],"strength":[239],"increased":[241],"porosity,":[242],"attributable":[243],"insufficient":[245],"compaction":[246],"during":[247],"process.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}