{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400279319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133290","title":"Eco-Friendly 3D-Printed Concrete Made with Waste and Organic Artificial Aggregates","display_name":"Eco-Friendly 3D-Printed Concrete Made with Waste and Organic Artificial Aggregates","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400279319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38998375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma17133290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/13/3290/pdf?version=1720020948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/13/3290/pdf?version=1720020948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058510545","display_name":"Karolina Butkut\u0117","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karolina Butkut\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060262249","display_name":"Vitoldas Vaitkevi\u010dius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitoldas Vaitkevi\u010dius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099981482","display_name":"Fausta Adomaityt\u0117","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fausta Adomaityt\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 g. 48, 51367 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058510545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2490},"fwci":1.2471,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77457182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"13","first_page":"3290","last_page":"3290"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmentally-friendly","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","score":0.7351519465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrinkage","display_name":"Shrinkage","score":0.700702428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"Durability","score":0.6301607489585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5867533683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incineration","display_name":"Incineration","score":0.5829402208328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.5557835102081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis","display_name":"Pyrolysis","score":0.5212795734405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-ash","display_name":"Bottom ash","score":0.508084774017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonization","display_name":"Carbonization","score":0.457049161195755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charcoal","display_name":"Charcoal","score":0.4384177029132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","score":0.41008636355400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36645424365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.36565420031547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulp-and-paper-industry","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","score":0.3296428918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"Fly ash","score":0.2804240584373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.20945248007774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13200047612190247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.7351519465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.700702428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.6301607489585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5867533683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130751788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622772","display_name":"Incineration","level":2,"score":0.5829402208328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5557835102081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.5212795734405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175944049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2205307","display_name":"Bottom ash","level":3,"score":0.508084774017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.457049161195755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.4384177029132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.41008636355400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36645424365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.36565420031547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3296428918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.2804240584373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.20945248007774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13200047612190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma17133290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/13/3290/pdf?version=1720020948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38998375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38998375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11243148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11243148","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11243148/pdf/materials-17-03290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktu.edu:elaba:202311934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vb.ktu.edu/KTU:ELABAPDB202311934&prefLang=en_US","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922255","display_name":"KTUePubl (Repository of Kaunas University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN 1996-1944","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2aedd1f4fd8497da832a53506b66555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2aedd1f4fd8497da832a53506b66555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials, Vol 17, Iss 13, p 3290 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma17133290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/13/3290/pdf?version=1720020948","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329465","display_name":"Kauno Technologijos Universitetas","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400279319.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W789018065","https://openalex.org/W2069141054","https://openalex.org/W2270321208","https://openalex.org/W2592696546","https://openalex.org/W2760089238","https://openalex.org/W2797291556","https://openalex.org/W2896484672","https://openalex.org/W2992920818","https://openalex.org/W3035222032","https://openalex.org/W3047555472","https://openalex.org/W3095177470","https://openalex.org/W3174743725","https://openalex.org/W4206734694","https://openalex.org/W4289343297","https://openalex.org/W4293796611","https://openalex.org/W4294839763","https://openalex.org/W4316467862","https://openalex.org/W4361246364","https://openalex.org/W4363650183","https://openalex.org/W4364360082","https://openalex.org/W4367627406","https://openalex.org/W4378575110","https://openalex.org/W4383683065","https://openalex.org/W4385527683","https://openalex.org/W4387924937","https://openalex.org/W4389893817","https://openalex.org/W6842687446","https://openalex.org/W7057830408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526641610","https://openalex.org/W2341554014","https://openalex.org/W1972159579","https://openalex.org/W307596348","https://openalex.org/W1974870174","https://openalex.org/W2953704414","https://openalex.org/W2378474267","https://openalex.org/W2382952751","https://openalex.org/W3131330276","https://openalex.org/W2461088821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,161],"this":[1,74,162],"research,":[2,75],"the":[3,10,61,76,91,94,119,152,168],"results":[4],"of":[5,12,56,78,90,93,102,151,171],"an":[6,115,179],"experimental":[7],"study":[8,32],"on":[9],"use":[11],"three":[13],"alternative":[14],"components":[15,38],"for":[16,173],"creating":[17],"artificial":[18],"aggregates":[19,83],"(AAs)":[20],"(granules)":[21],"and":[22,53,130,140,145,176],"their":[23,133,142,174],"usage":[24],"in":[25,73,88,100,109,167,185],"3D-printed":[26],"concrete":[27],"(3DPC)":[28],"are":[29],"examined.":[30],"This":[31],"combines":[33],"AAs":[34,80,172],"made":[35],"from":[36],"organic":[37],"like":[39],"hemp":[40,127],"shives":[41],"(HSs),":[42],"pyrolyzed":[43],"coal":[44],"(charcoal),":[45],"waste/municipal":[46],"solid":[47],"waste":[48],"incinerator":[49],"bottom":[50],"slag":[51],"(BS),":[52],"a":[54,57,106,110,157],"mix":[55,97],"reference":[58],"3DPC":[59,122],"with":[60,118,125],"aforementioned":[62,120],"AAs.":[63],"Particularly,":[64],"to":[65,69,86,182],"enhance":[66],"these":[67],"properties":[68,170],"make":[70],"low-carbon":[71],"3DPC,":[72],"potential":[77],"using":[79],"as":[81,178],"lightweight":[82],"was":[84,98,123,135],"increased":[85],"14%":[87],"terms":[89,101],"mass":[92],"concrete.":[95],"Each":[96],"tested":[99],"its":[103],"printability":[104],"via":[105],"preliminary":[107],"test":[108],"3D":[111],"printing":[112],"laboratory.":[113],"For":[114],"additional":[116],"comparison":[117],"cases,":[121],"mixed":[124],"unprocessed":[126],"shives,":[128],"charcoal,":[129],"BS.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"strength":[134],"measured":[136],"at":[137],"28":[138],"days,":[139],"lastly,":[141],"durability":[143],"parameters":[144],"shrinkage":[146],"were":[147,154],"experimentally":[148],"investigated.":[149],"Cross-sections":[150],"fragments":[153],"studied":[155],"under":[156],"scanning":[158],"electron":[159],"microscope.":[160],"study,":[163],"we":[164],"achieved":[165],"improvements":[166],"mechanical":[169],"development":[175],"implementation":[177],"innovative":[180],"way":[181],"reduce":[183],"carbon":[184],"3DPC.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}