{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122214477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","title":"Particle-Bed Binding by Selective Paste Intrusion\u2014Strength and Durability of Printed Fine-Grain Concrete Members","display_name":"Particle-Bed Binding by Selective Paste Intrusion\u2014Strength and Durability of Printed Fine-Grain Concrete Members","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122214477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","mag":"3122214477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33513813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma14030586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/3/586/pdf?version=1611742028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/3/586/pdf?version=1611742028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069176888","display_name":"Daniel Weger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-5592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-5592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Weger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Materials Science and Testing, Centre for Building Materials (CBM), Technical University of Munich, 81245 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-5592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Materials Science and Testing, Centre for Building Materials (CBM), Technical University of Munich, 81245 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083880089","display_name":"Christoph Gehlen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-3960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-3960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Gehlen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Materials Science and Testing, Centre for Building Materials (CBM), Technical University of Munich, 81245 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-3960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Materials Science and Testing, Centre for Building Materials (CBM), Technical University of Munich, 81245 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069176888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":1944,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2096},"fwci":2.6993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88806289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"586","last_page":"586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing-of-concrete","display_name":"additive manufacturing of concrete","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeze-thaw-resistance","display_name":"freeze-thaw resistance","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonation-resistance","display_name":"carbonation resistance","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-penetration","display_name":"chloride penetration","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer-orientation","display_name":"layer orientation","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/void-content","display_name":"void content","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"durability","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8169271349906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.749885082244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7211233973503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6915557384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120809312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2139722","display_name":"Carbonation","level":2,"score":0.5598454475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.5535564422607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.5529230833053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.5270034670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.4981410503387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.4518454074859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4379357099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11839303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622096","display_name":"Silica fume","level":3,"score":0.42621222138404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma14030586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/3/586/pdf?version=1611742028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33513813","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33513813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6771369","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7865361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7865361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7865361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a10e53ffc50543a1926957dc2a18939c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a10e53ffc50543a1926957dc2a18939c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 586 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1725937","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1725937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma14030586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/3/586/pdf?version=1611742028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3249143804","display_name":"Additive Fertigung frei geformter, bewehrter Betonbauteile durch selektives Binden mit calciumsilikatbasierten Zementen","funder_award_id":"257344691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122214477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122214477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201372823","https://openalex.org/W1902067154","https://openalex.org/W1973050311","https://openalex.org/W1978089920","https://openalex.org/W1984025219","https://openalex.org/W2047014080","https://openalex.org/W2056203102","https://openalex.org/W2061810971","https://openalex.org/W2083934291","https://openalex.org/W2097251894","https://openalex.org/W2160738777","https://openalex.org/W2485826029","https://openalex.org/W2587847287","https://openalex.org/W2589770449","https://openalex.org/W2608706448","https://openalex.org/W2745477466","https://openalex.org/W2746729288","https://openalex.org/W2747098062","https://openalex.org/W2751138225","https://openalex.org/W2794158138","https://openalex.org/W2804244312","https://openalex.org/W2886982351","https://openalex.org/W2894710756","https://openalex.org/W2897671932","https://openalex.org/W2901143535","https://openalex.org/W2901211620","https://openalex.org/W2911644700","https://openalex.org/W2911908994","https://openalex.org/W2951727182","https://openalex.org/W2996158290","https://openalex.org/W3027645905","https://openalex.org/W3030837007","https://openalex.org/W3040916560","https://openalex.org/W3041387207","https://openalex.org/W3041716769","https://openalex.org/W3042005265","https://openalex.org/W3042069528","https://openalex.org/W3085944889","https://openalex.org/W3097616243","https://openalex.org/W3121096148","https://openalex.org/W3127479328","https://openalex.org/W3164909490","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4387524583","https://openalex.org/W4413004164","https://openalex.org/W6608223636","https://openalex.org/W6664445822","https://openalex.org/W6889748853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W195177417","https://openalex.org/W1998977112","https://openalex.org/W2330565230","https://openalex.org/W2363789270","https://openalex.org/W2366293555","https://openalex.org/W2390804720","https://openalex.org/W2981688761","https://openalex.org/W4394849018","https://openalex.org/W2356478446","https://openalex.org/W2887885166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120],"selective":[1,7,37],"paste":[2,20],"intrusion":[3],"(SPI)":[4],"describes":[5],"a":[6,140],"binding,":[8],"additive":[9,60],"manufacturing":[10,61],"method.":[11],"SPI":[12,23,77],"bonds":[13],"thin":[14],"layers":[15,88],"of":[16,44,70,76,94,103,108,136,150,163],"aggregate":[17],"by":[18],"cement":[19,96],"locally.":[21],"Currently,":[22],"can":[24],"achieve":[25,52],"higher":[26,54],"compressive":[27,123],"strength,":[28],"durability,":[29],"and":[30,89,106,128,155],"easier":[31],"unpacking":[32],"behavior":[33,93],"compared":[34,111],"to":[35,112],"other":[36],"binding":[38],"methods":[39,49,62],"suitable":[40],"for":[41],"the":[42,73,82,86,91,95,104,116,184],"production":[43],"concrete":[45],"structures.":[46],"Particle-bed":[47],"based":[48],"not":[50],"only":[51],"much":[53],"surface":[55],"resolutions":[56],"than":[57],"depositing":[58],"(extrusion)-based":[59],"but":[63],"also":[64],"have":[65],"no":[66,144,181],"restrictions":[67],"in":[68,177],"freedom":[69],"form.":[71],"However,":[72],"mechanical":[74],"performance":[75],"components":[78,110],"strongly":[79],"depends":[80],"on":[81,183],"void":[83],"content":[84,162],"between":[85,126],"individual":[87],"thus":[90],"penetration":[92,172],"paste.":[97],"This":[98],"paper":[99],"presents":[100],"direction-dependent":[101],"measurements":[102],"strength":[105,124,135],"durability":[107],"SPI-printed":[109],"casted":[113],"specimens":[114],"with":[115],"same":[117],"mixing":[118],"composition.":[119],"results":[121],"show":[122],"values":[125],"70":[127],"78":[129],"MPa":[130],"after":[131,147,156],"7":[132],"d,":[133],"flexural":[134],"1/10":[137],"without":[138],"reinforcement,":[139],"high":[141],"freeze\u2013thaw":[142],"resistance,":[143],"detectable":[145],"carbonation":[146],"182":[148],"days":[149,158],"exposure":[151],"under":[152,159],"ambient":[153],"CO2\u2013conditions,":[154],"28":[157],"increased":[160],"CO2":[161],"2":[164],"vol":[165],"%":[166],"as":[167,169],"well":[168],"low":[170],"chloride":[171],"resistances.":[173],"All":[174],"tests":[175],"showed":[176],"almost":[178],"all":[179],"cases":[180],"dependency":[182],"layer":[185],"orientation.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
