{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400674670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040080","title":"Real-Time Precision in 3D Concrete Printing: Controlling Layer Morphology via Machine Vision and Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Real-Time Precision in 3D Concrete Printing: Controlling Layer Morphology via Machine Vision and Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400674670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/inventions9040080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/4/80/pdf?version=1721127528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172385","display_name":"Inventions","issn_l":"2411-5134","issn":["2411-5134"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inventions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/4/80/pdf?version=1721127528","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030167518","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o M. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["BUILT CoLAB\u2014Collaborative Laboratory for the Future Built Environment, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BUILT CoLAB\u2014Collaborative Laboratory for the Future Built Environment, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109096284","display_name":"G. Wagner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Polymers and Composites\u2014IPC, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5433-1521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Polymers and Composites\u2014IPC, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102642070","display_name":"R. Ataide Da Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-9674"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Transformation Colab\u2014DTx, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-9674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Transformation Colab\u2014DTx, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072409839","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Morais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5363-4718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Morais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021362436","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-3503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024946195","display_name":"Sacha Trevelyan Mould","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-3450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sacha Mould","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Polymers and Composites\u2014IPC, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Polymers and Composites\u2014IPC, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011704311","display_name":"Bruno Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-7065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-7065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073575317","display_name":"J. M. N\u00f3brega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5303-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o M. N\u00f3brega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Polymers and Composites\u2014IPC, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5303-6467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Polymers and Composites\u2014IPC, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085406631","display_name":"Paulo J. S. Cruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-4505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo J. S. Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-4505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab2PT, IN2PAST, School of Architecture, Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030167518","https://openalex.org/A5073575317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1624},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1624},"fwci":3.5521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92556561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"80","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.691002368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.671570897102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6214280724525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6207250952720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.5894175171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5247043371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.4830820858478546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4615632891654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43402692675590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3701168894767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3278101682662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19267132878303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11704596877098083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.691002368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.671570897102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6214280724525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6207250952720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.5894175171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5247043371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.4830820858478546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4615632891654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43402692675590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3701168894767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3278101682662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19267132878303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11704596877098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/inventions9040080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/4/80/pdf?version=1721127528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172385","display_name":"Inventions","issn_l":"2411-5134","issn":["2411-5134"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inventions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/93306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/93306","pdf_url":"https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/93306/1/inventions-09-00080.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400354","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3riUM (Universidade do Minho)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","host_organization_name":"University of Minho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1682820990f4897b71bf3b5d1075ad9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1682820990f4897b71bf3b5d1075ad9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Inventions, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 80 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/inventions9040080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/4/80/pdf?version=1721127528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172385","display_name":"Inventions","issn_l":"2411-5134","issn":["2411-5134"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inventions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400674670.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975425499","https://openalex.org/W2080964655","https://openalex.org/W2180257386","https://openalex.org/W2184312281","https://openalex.org/W2194077912","https://openalex.org/W2796681697","https://openalex.org/W2886568155","https://openalex.org/W2886783527","https://openalex.org/W2888093196","https://openalex.org/W3012451419","https://openalex.org/W3020668459","https://openalex.org/W3031552405","https://openalex.org/W3043532440","https://openalex.org/W3060760786","https://openalex.org/W3090120030","https://openalex.org/W3117613324","https://openalex.org/W3119132062","https://openalex.org/W4214610189","https://openalex.org/W4214920345","https://openalex.org/W4296268867","https://openalex.org/W4298817352","https://openalex.org/W4382073810","https://openalex.org/W4387860237","https://openalex.org/W4389574502","https://openalex.org/W6686007716","https://openalex.org/W6781970997","https://openalex.org/W6803376173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280652955","https://openalex.org/W2954638906","https://openalex.org/W2988789574","https://openalex.org/W3037187668","https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2402761219","https://openalex.org/W2601594414","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2490303674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0],"concrete":[1],"printing":[2,60,158],"(3DCP)":[3],"requires":[4],"precise":[5],"adjustments":[6,71],"to":[7,9,30,52,72],"parameters":[8,159],"ensure":[10],"accurate":[11],"and":[12,32,50,56,64,91,153,160,174],"high-quality":[13],"prints.":[14],"However,":[15],"despite":[16],"technological":[17],"advancements,":[18],"manual":[19],"intervention":[20],"still":[21],"plays":[22],"a":[23,97,114,150,162,167,176,181],"prominent":[24],"role":[25],"in":[26,34,106],"this":[27,41,122],"process,":[28,61],"leading":[29],"errors":[31],"inconsistencies":[33],"the":[35,59,78,133,190],"final":[36],"printed":[37,191],"part.":[38],"To":[39],"address":[40],"issue,":[42],"machine":[43,118],"learning":[44,119],"vision":[45,100],"models":[46],"have":[47],"been":[48],"developed":[49],"utilized":[51],"analyze":[53],"captured":[54],"images":[55],"videos":[57],"of":[58,117,145,189],"detecting":[62],"defects":[63],"deviations.":[65],"The":[66,141],"data":[67,151],"collected":[68],"enable":[69],"automatic":[70],"print":[73],"settings,":[74],"improving":[75],"quality":[76],"without":[77],"need":[79],"for":[80,89,103,156,171,186],"human":[81],"intervention.":[82],"This":[83],"work":[84],"first":[85],"examines":[86],"various":[87],"techniques":[88],"real-time":[90,104,168],"offline":[92],"corrections.":[93],"It":[94],"then":[95],"introduces":[96],"specialized":[98],"computer":[99],"setup":[101],"designed":[102],"control":[105],"robotic":[107],"3DCP.":[108],"Our":[109],"main":[110,147],"focus":[111],"is":[112],"on":[113,180],"specific":[115],"aspect":[116],"(ML)":[120],"within":[121],"system,":[123],"called":[124],"speed":[125,136],"control,":[126],"which":[127],"regulates":[128],"layer":[129],"width":[130],"by":[131],"adjusting":[132],"robot":[134],"motion":[135],"or":[137],"material":[138],"flow":[139],"rate.":[140],"proposed":[142],"framework":[143],"consists":[144],"three":[146],"elements:":[148],"(1)":[149],"acquisition":[152],"processing":[154],"pipeline":[155],"extracting":[157],"constructing":[161],"synthetic":[163],"training":[164],"dataset,":[165],"(2)":[166],"ML":[169],"model":[170],"parameter":[172],"optimization,":[173],"(3)":[175],"depth":[177],"camera":[178],"installed":[179],"customized":[182],"3D-printed":[183],"rotary":[184],"mechanism":[185],"close-range":[187],"monitoring":[188],"layer.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}