{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381434837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030080","title":"A Structural and Thermal Comparative Review of 3D-Printed Wall Shapes","display_name":"A Structural and Thermal Comparative Review of 3D-Printed Wall Shapes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381434837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/designs7030080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/7/3/80/pdf?version=1687167082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222353","display_name":"Designs","issn_l":"2411-9660","issn":["2411-9660"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/7/3/80/pdf?version=1687167082","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005336874","display_name":"Nicholas D. Bello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas D. Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Master of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Master of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050482023","display_name":"Ali M. Memari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-7129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali M. Memari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architectural Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Departments, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","Architectural Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Departments, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architectural Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Departments, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architectural Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Departments, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005336874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.4484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60340543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"80","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-rigidity","display_name":"Structural rigidity","score":0.5527422428131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigidity","display_name":"Rigidity (electromagnetism)","score":0.5103361010551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.504369854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.49235665798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment-of-inertia","display_name":"Moment of inertia","score":0.47324424982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4644956886768341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.45184022188186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.4102889597415924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3893544673919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3780648112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09512144327163696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155759531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625050","display_name":"Structural rigidity","level":2,"score":0.5527422428131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160343418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185256","display_name":"Rigidity (electromagnetism)","level":2,"score":0.5103361010551453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.504369854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49235665798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10238366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618","display_name":"Moment of inertia","level":2,"score":0.47324424982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4644956886768341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45184022188186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.4102889597415924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3893544673919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3780648112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09512144327163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/designs7030080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/7/3/80/pdf?version=1687167082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222353","display_name":"Designs","issn_l":"2411-9660","issn":["2411-9660"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90c6db0301274718962862c466f0b5e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90c6db0301274718962862c466f0b5e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Designs, Vol 7, Iss 3, p 80 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2411-9660/7/3/80/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs7030080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Designs; Volume 7; Issue 3; Pages: 80","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/designs7030080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030080","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/7/3/80/pdf?version=1687167082","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222353","display_name":"Designs","issn_l":"2411-9660","issn":["2411-9660"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381434837.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2503299386","https://openalex.org/W2791039881","https://openalex.org/W2808508889","https://openalex.org/W2957412640","https://openalex.org/W3017070807","https://openalex.org/W3123623364","https://openalex.org/W3133081345","https://openalex.org/W3167298778","https://openalex.org/W4233176972","https://openalex.org/W4300818490","https://openalex.org/W4364370129","https://openalex.org/W6885084171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281491244","https://openalex.org/W2117531509","https://openalex.org/W1501657243","https://openalex.org/W2376925814","https://openalex.org/W2347694834","https://openalex.org/W2381794997","https://openalex.org/W3185639949","https://openalex.org/W3202031437","https://openalex.org/W4210849052","https://openalex.org/W1976886486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,26],"article":[1],"explores":[2,30],"several":[3,31,84,180],"aspects":[4],"of":[5,23,32,63,83,103,123,137,139,173,175,179,181,191],"the":[6,21,33,36,58,73,80,93,100,118,149,158,171,176],"three-dimensional":[7],"concrete":[8],"printing":[9],"(3DCP)":[10],"industry.":[11,69],"More":[12,49],"specifically,":[13,50],"it":[14],"begins":[15],"with":[16],"a":[17,44,114,144,188],"literature":[18,27],"review":[19,28],"discussing":[20],"background":[22],"this":[24,42,68,132,163],"technology.":[25],"also":[29,108],"challenges":[34],"that":[35,55],"industry":[37],"is":[38,47],"currently":[39],"facing.":[40],"In":[41,96],"way,":[43],"knowledge":[45],"gap":[46],"identified.":[48],"there":[51],"are":[52],"few":[53],"studies":[54],"have":[56],"explored":[57],"structural":[59,81,194],"and":[60,120,148],"thermal":[61,101],"performance":[62,102],"typical":[64],"walls":[65],"printed":[66],"in":[67,76,110,131,162],"Therefore,":[70],"we":[71],"used":[72,168],"simulation":[74],"tool":[75],"SolidWorks":[77,111,166],"to":[78,92,98,157,169,186],"examine":[79],"behavior":[82],"different":[85,104],"wall":[86,105,129,151],"types":[87,106],"when":[88,143],"pressure":[89],"was":[90,107,146,167],"applied":[91,161],"exterior":[94,119],"face.":[95],"addition":[97],"this,":[99],"studied":[109],"by":[112],"applying":[113],"temperature":[115,159],"difference":[116,160],"between":[117],"interior":[121],"faces":[122],"each":[124,192],"wall.":[125],"For":[126],"example,":[127],"one":[128],"shape":[130],"study":[133],"had":[134],"minimum":[135],"factor":[136],"safety":[138],"approximately":[140,153],"100":[141],"due":[142,156],"load":[145],"applied,":[147],"same":[150],"lost":[152],"212":[154],"W":[155],"study.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"calculate":[170],"moment":[172],"inertia":[174],"cross":[177],"sections":[178],"these":[182],"walls,":[183],"which":[184],"helped":[185],"provide":[187],"better":[189],"understanding":[190],"wall\u2019s":[193],"rigidity.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2023-06-21T00:00:00"}