{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417455143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244564","title":"Combined Effect of Recycled Tire Steel Fiber and Blast Furnace Slag on the Mechanical Performance of 3D Printable Concrete","display_name":"Combined Effect of Recycled Tire Steel Fiber and Blast Furnace Slag on the Mechanical Performance of 3D Printable Concrete","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417455143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15244564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244564","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093635181","display_name":"Fatih Eren Akg\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6037-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Eren Akg\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055609289","display_name":"Hatice Gizem \u015eahin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-879X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatice Gizem \u015eahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-879X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088018044","display_name":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e \u0130saf\u00e7a Kaya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e \u0130saf\u00e7a Kaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001743358","display_name":"Ali Mardani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-5015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mardani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-5015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093635181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"fwci":0.8988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80616493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"24","first_page":"4564","last_page":"4564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.026000000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.7095999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-granulated-blast-furnace-slag","display_name":"Ground granulated blast-furnace slag","score":0.7074999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.6985999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrinkage","display_name":"Shrinkage","score":0.6894000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.6772000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slag","display_name":"Slag (welding)","score":0.4884999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7218000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.7095999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33819350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353009","display_name":"Ground granulated blast-furnace slag","level":3,"score":0.7074999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.6985999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.6894000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6772000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159048435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105783","display_name":"Slag (welding)","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779016933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397403","display_name":"Fiber-reinforced concrete","level":3,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15244564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:b94ff7d5-b58d-4c8b-9e9b-de14cbfd73de","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.uludag.edu.tr/publication/details/b94ff7d5-b58d-4c8b-9e9b-de14cbfd73de/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055210","display_name":"Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aab10e671da4494e9889b934ff2e79c2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aab10e671da4494e9889b934ff2e79c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 15, Iss 24, p 4564 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15244564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,17,51,124,144,174,179],"effects":[4],"of":[5,22,119,127,138,178],"waste":[6,103],"steel":[7,46,104,166],"fiber":[8,139,170],"and":[9,19,41,58,61,66,76,84,90,161,168],"high-volume":[10],"blast":[11],"furnace":[12],"slag":[13],"(BFS)":[14],"substitution":[15,146],"on":[16,73],"mechanical":[18],"physical":[20],"properties":[21],"three-dimensional":[23],"printable":[24],"concrete":[25],"(3DPC)":[26],"to":[27,50,101,111,116,132],"improve":[28],"its":[29],"environmental":[30],"performance.":[31],"BFS":[32,145,160],"was":[33],"substituted":[34],"for":[35],"cement":[36],"at":[37,53,134],"0%,":[38],"25%,":[39],"50%,":[40],"75%":[42,159],"by":[43,109,130],"volume.":[44],"Waste":[45],"fibers":[47,105,167],"were":[48,70,93],"added":[49],"mixtures":[52,69,157],"three":[54],"lengths":[55],"(5,":[56],"10,":[57],"15":[59],"mm)":[60],"two":[62],"volumetric":[63],"ratios":[64],"(0.5%":[65],"1.0%).":[67],"Twenty-eight":[68],"optimized":[71],"based":[72],"extrudability,":[74],"buildability,":[75],"shape":[77],"stability":[78],"criteria.":[79],"Parameters":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82],"compressive":[83,107],"flexural":[85,125],"strength,":[86],"surface":[87,150],"moisture":[88,151],"content,":[89],"drying":[91,175],"shrinkage":[92,176],"evaluated.":[94],"The":[95],"results":[96],"showed":[97],"that":[98],"using":[99,165],"up":[100,110,131],"0.5%":[102],"increased":[106,149],"strength":[108,126],"23%,":[112],"but":[113],"decreased":[114,155],"it":[115],"a":[117],"level":[118],"1%.":[120],"Fiber":[121],"reinforcement":[122],"improved":[123,173],"all":[128],"blends":[129],"53%":[133],"both":[135],"ages,":[136],"regardless":[137],"ratio":[140],"or":[141],"length.":[142],"Increasing":[143],"rate":[147],"generally":[148],"however,":[152],"this":[153],"value":[154],"in":[156],"containing":[158],"silica":[162],"fume.":[163],"Furthermore,":[164],"in-creasing":[169],"length":[171],"significantly":[172],"performance":[177],"mixtures.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-18T00:00:00"}