{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415401634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203794","title":"Optimisation of Interlayer Bond Strength in 3D-Printed Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks","display_name":"Optimisation of Interlayer Bond Strength in 3D-Printed Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415401634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15203794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203794","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084790334","display_name":"Lenganji Simwanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-730X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lenganji Simwanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, Solinova 7, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-730X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, Solinova 7, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052468813","display_name":"Abayomi B. David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9596-2948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abayomi B. David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9596-2948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005377755","display_name":"Perampalam Gatheeshgar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6595-998X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874055015","display_name":"Teesside University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28gk75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gatheeshgar Perampalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6595-998X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874055015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059594567","display_name":"Oladimeji B. Olalusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-0071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oladimeji B. Olalusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-0071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089256609","display_name":"Miroslav S\u00fdkora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-3204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Sykora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, Solinova 7, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-3204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, Solinova 7, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084790334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"fwci":0.8617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78203435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"20","first_page":"3794","last_page":"3794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-surface-methodology","display_name":"Response surface methodology","score":0.8741000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious","display_name":"Cementitious","score":0.713100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portland-cement","display_name":"Portland cement","score":0.6662999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6575000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bond-strength","display_name":"Bond strength","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casting","display_name":"Casting","score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4316999912261963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.8741000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.713100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.6662999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6575000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5877000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159096172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914535","display_name":"Bond strength","level":4,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15203794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0cdd1cc3aae64e2c816e8fa0bad57c8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0cdd1cc3aae64e2c816e8fa0bad57c8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 15, Iss 20, p 3794 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15203794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8595889366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24-10892S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","funder_display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/01pv73b02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091619730","https://openalex.org/W2106527482","https://openalex.org/W2202557119","https://openalex.org/W2482629727","https://openalex.org/W2558276228","https://openalex.org/W2764188324","https://openalex.org/W2770503602","https://openalex.org/W2811023562","https://openalex.org/W2883378394","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W2958886202","https://openalex.org/W2992485880","https://openalex.org/W3023973226","https://openalex.org/W3042047916","https://openalex.org/W3043607208","https://openalex.org/W3146570358","https://openalex.org/W3154415547","https://openalex.org/W3198823078","https://openalex.org/W3199891891","https://openalex.org/W3205140668","https://openalex.org/W3214154832","https://openalex.org/W4220660636","https://openalex.org/W4220730821","https://openalex.org/W4234794792","https://openalex.org/W4285494786","https://openalex.org/W4285760849","https://openalex.org/W4286643620","https://openalex.org/W4301394934","https://openalex.org/W4313588816","https://openalex.org/W4313612974","https://openalex.org/W4316020752","https://openalex.org/W4362582155","https://openalex.org/W4365513196","https://openalex.org/W4367692801","https://openalex.org/W4375933500","https://openalex.org/W4379529641","https://openalex.org/W4380046611","https://openalex.org/W4384937728","https://openalex.org/W4388979517","https://openalex.org/W4390777643","https://openalex.org/W4391732977","https://openalex.org/W4391779921","https://openalex.org/W4392599801","https://openalex.org/W4392746661","https://openalex.org/W4392797213","https://openalex.org/W4393586495","https://openalex.org/W4400351982","https://openalex.org/W4400428808","https://openalex.org/W4401201346","https://openalex.org/W4403977659","https://openalex.org/W4404095352","https://openalex.org/W4405917951","https://openalex.org/W4406440317","https://openalex.org/W4407088780","https://openalex.org/W4408434420","https://openalex.org/W4409187148","https://openalex.org/W4409342648","https://openalex.org/W4409773876","https://openalex.org/W4410029556","https://openalex.org/W4410456454","https://openalex.org/W4410726034","https://openalex.org/W4410737380","https://openalex.org/W4411073668","https://openalex.org/W4411659728","https://openalex.org/W4411704957","https://openalex.org/W4413423535","https://openalex.org/W4413431744","https://openalex.org/W4414410126"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhancing":[0],"interlayer":[1,22,96],"bond":[2,23,169],"strength":[3,24],"remains":[4],"a":[5,31,45,101,109,234],"critical":[6,88],"challenge":[7],"in":[8,25,167,245],"the":[9,19,59,70,80,87,132,154,165,200],"extrusion-based":[10,26],"3D":[11,246],"printing":[12],"of":[13,21,34,90,105,113],"cementitious":[14,28],"materials.":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17],"investigates":[18],"optimisation":[20,85,214],"3D-printed":[27],"materials":[29],"through":[30],"combined":[32],"application":[33],"Response":[35],"Surface":[36],"Methodology":[37],"(RSM)":[38],"and":[39,56,108,150,160,175,185,193,212,241],"Artificial":[40],"Neural":[41],"Networks":[42],"(ANNs).":[43],"Using":[44],"concise":[46],"yet":[47],"comprehensive":[48],"dataset,":[49],"RSM":[50,71,99,207],"provided":[51],"interpretable":[52,213],"main":[53],"effects,":[54],"curvature,":[55],"interactions,":[57],"while":[58,118,191,216],"ANN":[60,81,119,217],"captured":[61],"non-linearities":[62],"beyond":[63],"quadratic":[64],"forms.":[65],"Comparative":[66],"analysis":[67,136],"revealed":[68],"that":[69,144,206],"model":[72,82],"achieved":[73],"higher":[74],"predictive":[75,210],"accuracy":[76],"(R2=0.95)":[77],"compared":[78],"to":[79,94,131,164,226,237],"(R2=0.87).":[83],"Desirability-based":[84],"confirmed":[86],"importance":[89],"minimising":[91],"casting":[92],"delays":[93],"mitigate":[95],"weaknesses,":[97],"with":[98,127],"suggesting":[100],"water-to-cement":[102],"(W/C)":[103],"ratio":[104,152],"approximately":[106,158],"0.45":[107],"minimal":[110],"time":[111,186],"gap":[112,187],"less":[114],"than":[115],"5":[116],"min,":[117],"predicted":[120,168],"slightly":[121],"lower":[122],"optimal":[123],"W/C":[124,151],"values":[125],"but":[126,222],"reduced":[128],"reliability":[129],"due":[130],"limited":[133],"dataset.":[134],"Sensitivity":[135],"using":[137],"partial":[138],"dependence":[139],"plots":[140],"(PDPs)":[141],"further":[142],"highlighted":[143],"ordinary":[145],"Portland":[146],"cement":[147],"(OPC)":[148],"content":[149,195],"are":[153],"dominant":[155],"factors,":[156],"contributing":[157],"2.0":[159],"1.8":[161],"MPa":[162],"respectively":[163],"variation":[166],"strength,":[170],"followed":[171],"by":[172],"superplasticiser":[173],"dosage":[174],"silica":[176],"content.":[177],"Variables":[178],"such":[179],"as":[180],"water":[181],"content,":[182],"viscosity-modifying":[183],"agent,":[184],"exhibited":[188],"moderate":[189],"influence,":[190],"sand":[192],"fibre":[194],"had":[196],"marginal":[197],"effects":[198],"within":[199],"tested":[201],"ranges.":[202],"These":[203],"results":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"provides":[208],"robust":[209],"performance":[211],"guidance,":[215],"offers":[218,233],"flexible":[219],"non-linear":[220],"modelling":[221],"requires":[223],"larger":[224],"datasets":[225],"achieve":[227],"stable":[228],"generalisation.":[229],"Integrating":[230],"both":[231],"methods":[232],"complementary":[235],"pathway":[236],"advance":[238],"mix":[239],"design":[240],"process":[242],"control":[243],"strategies":[244],"concrete":[247],"printing.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00"}
