{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414258414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183307","title":"Selection of the Best 3D Printing High-Performance Mortars Using Multi-Criteria Analysis","display_name":"Selection of the Best 3D Printing High-Performance Mortars Using Multi-Criteria Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414258414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15183307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183307","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/18/3307/pdf?version=1757935375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/18/3307/pdf?version=1757935375","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057263949","display_name":"Sara Alonso-Ca\u00f1on","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0080-4888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Alonso-Ca\u00f1on","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075686130","display_name":"Elena Blanco\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Blanco-Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-2649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119642411","display_name":"Eva Cuesta-Astorga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-468X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Cuesta-Astorga","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-468X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085258292","display_name":"Irune Indacoechea-Vega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-9084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irune Indacoechea-Vega","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119642412","display_name":"Joaquin Salas-Alvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquin Salas-Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9644-5763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITECO Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Av. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075686130"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25195825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"3307","last_page":"3307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.9438999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.9142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-selection","display_name":"Material selection","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-assessment","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-assessment","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.3285999894142151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.9142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780443751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786565","display_name":"Material selection","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983335822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost analysis","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76475535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7533418","display_name":"Size effect on structural strength","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776600559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966036","display_name":"Material efficiency","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15183307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183307","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/18/3307/pdf?version=1757935375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/37771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10902/37771","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/bitstream/10902/37771/3/SelectionBest3DPrinting.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400398","display_name":"UCrea (University of Cantabria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, 2025, 15(18), 3307","raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3db826904dd94a77997a03e2e2aa45a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3db826904dd94a77997a03e2e2aa45a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 3307 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings15183307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183307","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/18/3307/pdf?version=1757935375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1490893469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-112851RA-I00; : TED2021-129532B-I00;  HORIZON-CL5-2022-D6-02 No.101104283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2067656930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SSPJO1900I001723XV0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5805502524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589649124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7563065437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-129532B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8578903929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-112851RA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323808","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414258414.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985683654","https://openalex.org/W2044063651","https://openalex.org/W2073227784","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2509907599","https://openalex.org/W2587206813","https://openalex.org/W2604315272","https://openalex.org/W2734784484","https://openalex.org/W2741421471","https://openalex.org/W2805429662","https://openalex.org/W2808508889","https://openalex.org/W2901338551","https://openalex.org/W2906369603","https://openalex.org/W2979507927","https://openalex.org/W2998640300","https://openalex.org/W3002578211","https://openalex.org/W3014468256","https://openalex.org/W3085287258","https://openalex.org/W3129418432","https://openalex.org/W3198145423","https://openalex.org/W4210417658","https://openalex.org/W4213426558","https://openalex.org/W4214485038","https://openalex.org/W4296741025","https://openalex.org/W4309632158","https://openalex.org/W4310018646","https://openalex.org/W4319067264","https://openalex.org/W4366524969","https://openalex.org/W4383742769","https://openalex.org/W4401317209","https://openalex.org/W4403939574","https://openalex.org/W4404553449","https://openalex.org/W4406065295","https://openalex.org/W4408396714","https://openalex.org/W4408666462","https://openalex.org/W4409222675","https://openalex.org/W4413768084"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-performance":[0],"concrete":[1],"for":[2,21,192],"3D":[3,193],"printing":[4],"has":[5],"recently":[6],"attracted":[7],"significant":[8],"attention":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,14,36,62,137,161,204],"its":[12,223],"potential":[13],"create":[15],"structural":[16],"elements":[17],"without":[18,177],"the":[19,52,64,74,95,98,103,139,146,170,179,186,198,211,217],"need":[20],"traditional":[22],"reinforcement.":[23],"While":[24],"various":[25],"formulations":[26,80],"have":[27],"been":[28],"proposed":[29],"by":[30,54,109,173],"researchers,":[31],"evaluations":[32],"are":[33,46],"often":[34],"limited":[35],"mechanical":[37,87,124],"performance":[38],"and":[39,43,58,83,92,120,126,130,221],"printability,":[40,89],"while":[41],"cost":[42,57,129,180],"environmental":[44,59,90,182],"impact":[45],"generally":[47],"overlooked.":[48],"This":[49,195],"study":[50],"expands":[51],"analysis":[53,71],"also":[55,184],"considering":[56],"impact,":[60,91,183],"aiming":[61],"identify":[63],"optimal":[65],"mix":[66,101],"using":[67],"a":[68,131,162,189,205],"multi-criteria":[69],"decision-making":[70],"(MCDMA).":[72],"In":[73,94],"first":[75],"phase,":[76,97],"several":[77],"high-strength":[78],"mortar":[79,142,163,190],"were":[81,135],"developed":[82],"assessed":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86],"strength,":[88],"cost.":[93],"second":[96],"most":[99,140],"promising":[100],"from":[102],"initial":[104],"evaluation":[105],"was":[106],"further":[107],"modified":[108],"incorporating":[110],"different":[111],"types":[112],"of":[113,145,153,188,210],"fibers,":[114],"including":[115],"aramid,":[116],"carbon,":[117],"glass,":[118],"cellulose,":[119],"polypropylene.":[121],"Comprehensive":[122],"testing\u2014covering":[123],"properties":[125],"printability\u2014together":[127],"with":[128],"life":[132],"cycle":[133],"assessment":[134],"conducted":[136],"determine":[138],"effective":[141],"formulations.":[143],"One":[144],"main":[147],"findings":[148],"is":[149,201],"that":[150],"adding":[151],"0.05%":[152],"20":[154],"mm":[155],"length":[156],"cellulose":[157],"fibers":[158],"in":[159,197,208],"weight":[160],"containing":[164],"Cem":[165],"I":[166],"42.5R":[167],"can":[168],"increase":[169,196,216],"compressive":[171],"strength":[172,200],"more":[174],"than":[175],"9%":[176],"affecting":[178],"or":[181],"allowing":[185],"obtainment":[187],"apt":[191],"printing.":[194],"compression":[199],"presumably":[202],"related":[203],"lateral":[206],"restriction":[207],"movements":[209],"mortar,":[212],"which":[213],"makes":[214],"it":[215],"maximal":[218],"principal":[219],"stresses,":[220],"thus,":[222],"strength.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
