{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400082010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071958","title":"Three-Dimensional Printable Concrete by an Ultra-Thin Nozzle and Fully Sealed Extrusion","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Printable Concrete by an Ultra-Thin Nozzle and Fully Sealed Extrusion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400082010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14071958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071958","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/7/1958/pdf?version=1721181504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/7/1958/pdf?version=1721181504","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077916298","display_name":"Jing Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111015471","display_name":"Yujia Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161350542","display_name":"China Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/0419nfc77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018957881","display_name":"Xiaoman Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7696-9366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoman Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068466105","display_name":"Yangbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-5751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161350542","display_name":"China Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/0419nfc77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-5751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102649024","display_name":"Chaohui Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaohui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haining Yancang River Embankment Management Office, Haining 314400, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haining Yancang River Embankment Management Office, Haining 314400, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101495494","display_name":"Wei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-7764"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haining Yancang River Embankment Management Office, Haining 314400, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haining Yancang River Embankment Management Office, Haining 314400, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101495494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"fwci":0.7612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69368573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1958","last_page":"1958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8025561571121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrusion","display_name":"Extrusion","score":0.6889991760253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.6426929235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mold","display_name":"Mold","score":0.6248244047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molding","display_name":"Molding (decorative)","score":0.5895559787750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle","display_name":"Nozzle","score":0.5779876708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","score":0.5736697912216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.572617769241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrinkage","display_name":"Shrinkage","score":0.5130475759506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.4724714457988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-fume","display_name":"Silica fume","score":0.4559015929698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.45303332805633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-reducer","display_name":"Water reducer","score":0.42127394676208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.28135913610458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.18439701199531555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8025561571121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.6889991760253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6426929235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159341","display_name":"Mold","level":2,"score":0.6248244047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67558686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770806","display_name":"Molding (decorative)","level":2,"score":0.5895559787750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.5779876708984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5736697912216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.572617769241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.5130475759506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.4724714457988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11839303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622096","display_name":"Silica fume","level":3,"score":0.4559015929698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.45303332805633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777433738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973701","display_name":"Water reducer","level":3,"score":0.42127394676208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.28135913610458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18439701199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14071958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071958","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/7/1958/pdf?version=1721181504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3e2c331792a45608177b6a1c11cffb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3e2c331792a45608177b6a1c11cffb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1958 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14071958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071958","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/7/1958/pdf?version=1721181504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400082010.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009892931","https://openalex.org/W2023325648","https://openalex.org/W2482629727","https://openalex.org/W2753170214","https://openalex.org/W2753713612","https://openalex.org/W2755714917","https://openalex.org/W2775294740","https://openalex.org/W2795531624","https://openalex.org/W2796304963","https://openalex.org/W2803383290","https://openalex.org/W2805429662","https://openalex.org/W2888922372","https://openalex.org/W2902994997","https://openalex.org/W2928876706","https://openalex.org/W2940804400","https://openalex.org/W2990427106","https://openalex.org/W2999294035","https://openalex.org/W2999605557","https://openalex.org/W3126511447","https://openalex.org/W3146163034","https://openalex.org/W3152543643","https://openalex.org/W3153118256","https://openalex.org/W3159240220","https://openalex.org/W3160118511","https://openalex.org/W3161159840","https://openalex.org/W3168750013","https://openalex.org/W3174510524","https://openalex.org/W3176332993","https://openalex.org/W3178376537","https://openalex.org/W3184364652","https://openalex.org/W3184488319","https://openalex.org/W3189066806","https://openalex.org/W3203745478","https://openalex.org/W3207897729","https://openalex.org/W4391613668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326963","https://openalex.org/W639936897","https://openalex.org/W2921297666","https://openalex.org/W2944300757","https://openalex.org/W2262544664","https://openalex.org/W2351064844","https://openalex.org/W2036743932","https://openalex.org/W2883324043","https://openalex.org/W2023917241","https://openalex.org/W3213117667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,34,128,161,167,198],"the":[2,14,26,77,120,130,146,150,163,168,200,206],"molding-free":[3],"property":[4],"and":[5,47,54,69,76,103,109,116,124,137,149,156,182,204],"dry":[6],"shrinkage":[7],"of":[8,17,25,41,80,113,122,140,178,187,202,208],"extrusion-based":[9],"three-dimensional":[10],"printable":[11],"concrete":[12,60],"(3DPC),":[13],"precision":[15,31,201],"issues":[16],"3DPC":[18,30,82,203],"have":[19],"not":[20],"been":[21],"solved":[22],"effectively.":[23],"One":[24],"viable":[27],"solutions":[28],"for":[29],"improvement":[32],"is":[33],"print":[35],"using":[36],"ultra-thin":[37,64],"filaments.":[38],"The":[39,111,134,191],"challenges":[40,53],"ultra-thin-filament":[42,81],"printing":[43,210],"are":[44],"extrudability,":[45],"flowability,":[46],"fast":[48,117],"solidification.":[49],"To":[50],"overcome":[51],"these":[52],"enhance":[55],"precision,":[56],"a":[57,196],"customized":[58],"3D":[59,209],"printer":[61],"with":[62,119,145],"an":[63],"diameter":[65],"nozzle":[66],"(6":[67],"mm)":[68],"fully":[70],"sealed":[71],"extrusion":[72],"system":[73],"was":[74,84,126,180],"developed,":[75],"mix":[78,132,176],"design":[79,177],"(UTF-3DPC)":[83],"studied,":[85],"including":[86],"ingredients":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"fly":[90],"ash":[91],"(FA),":[92],"silica":[93],"fume":[94],"(SF),":[95],"ordinary":[96],"Portland":[97],"cement":[98],"(OPC),":[99],"sodium":[100],"dodecyl":[101],"sulfate":[102],"cellulose":[104],"(SDSC),":[105],"water":[106,123],"reducer,":[107],"water,":[108],"sand.":[110],"function":[112],"UTF-3DPCs":[114],"flowability":[115],"solidification":[118],"proportion":[121],"SDSC":[125],"explored":[127],"obtain":[129],"optimal":[131],"design.":[133],"standard":[135,188],"compressive":[136],"flexural":[138],"strengths":[139],"UTF-3DPC":[141,179,183],"specimens":[142],"were":[143,159],"compared":[144],"mold-cast":[147,151,189],"vibrated":[148],"non-vibrated":[152],"concrete.":[153,190],"Their":[154],"meso-scale":[155],"micro-scale":[157],"structures":[158],"analyzed":[160],"expose":[162],"strength":[164,184],"mechanism,":[165],"according":[166],"scanning":[169],"electron":[170],"microscope":[171],"(SEM)":[172],"images.":[173],"A":[174],"suitable":[175],"obtained":[181],"reached":[185],"80%":[186],"findings":[192],"reported":[193],"here":[194],"provide":[195],"pathway":[197],"improve":[199],"extend":[205],"application":[207],"technology":[211],"in":[212],"engineering.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}