{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399358686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","title":"3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Calcined Clay-Limestone-Based Cementitious Materials: From Mixture Design to Printability Evaluation","display_name":"3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Calcined Clay-Limestone-Based Cementitious Materials: From Mixture Design to Printability Evaluation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399358686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14061666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010346135","display_name":"Haodao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-6336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-6336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haodao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046541646","display_name":"Jingjie Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-5693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-5693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-5693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059197309","display_name":"Kamal Henri Khayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-0715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-0715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamal H. Khayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010346135","https://openalex.org/A5059197309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":3.7737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93139907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"1666","last_page":"1666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-concrete-printing","display_name":"3D concrete printing","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-reinforced-cementitious-composites","display_name":"fiber-reinforced cementitious composites","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcined-clay","display_name":"calcined clay","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limestone-powder","display_name":"limestone powder","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printability","display_name":"printability","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity-modifying-admixture","display_name":"viscosity modifying admixture","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-fibers","display_name":"steel fibers","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-retention","display_name":"water retention","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thixotropy","display_name":"thixotropy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrusion-based-printing","display_name":"extrusion-based printing","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-and-flexural-strength","display_name":"compressive and flexural strength","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-sustainability","display_name":"concrete sustainability","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-fabrication","display_name":"digital fabrication","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7491095662117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.6785435676574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7082614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849523","display_name":"Calcination","level":3,"score":0.5861904621124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.5373795032501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5352379083633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5095920562744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17590603","display_name":"Material Design","level":2,"score":0.41038885712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.3466739058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14061666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98c195208598421da897fb4796556453","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98c195208598421da897fb4796556453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 1666 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14061666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.4300000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978329962","https://openalex.org/W1997831094","https://openalex.org/W2062450782","https://openalex.org/W2119022360","https://openalex.org/W2580563632","https://openalex.org/W2589768073","https://openalex.org/W2769989783","https://openalex.org/W2783942745","https://openalex.org/W2793087149","https://openalex.org/W2808508889","https://openalex.org/W2900858503","https://openalex.org/W2940585293","https://openalex.org/W2947719166","https://openalex.org/W2951747686","https://openalex.org/W2990427106","https://openalex.org/W3000544351","https://openalex.org/W3002092900","https://openalex.org/W3003318408","https://openalex.org/W3017118477","https://openalex.org/W3038122246","https://openalex.org/W3087442789","https://openalex.org/W3091913363","https://openalex.org/W3120631646","https://openalex.org/W3128181561","https://openalex.org/W3131948835","https://openalex.org/W3168750013","https://openalex.org/W3173690989","https://openalex.org/W3176332993","https://openalex.org/W3190464476","https://openalex.org/W3193414941","https://openalex.org/W3203844872","https://openalex.org/W3206746153","https://openalex.org/W4281695356","https://openalex.org/W4310018646","https://openalex.org/W4319442298","https://openalex.org/W4320085916","https://openalex.org/W4379378522","https://openalex.org/W4388206466","https://openalex.org/W4390349506","https://openalex.org/W6755800622","https://openalex.org/W6782881576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350455866","https://openalex.org/W2335480421","https://openalex.org/W2522085167","https://openalex.org/W2792384816","https://openalex.org/W2389468517","https://openalex.org/W2920739940","https://openalex.org/W2090848880","https://openalex.org/W3215003808","https://openalex.org/W4206608319","https://openalex.org/W3146481832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sustainability":[0],"and":[1,34,45,61,80,96,111,118,129,144,147,198],"limitations":[2],"in":[3,10,170],"embedded":[4],"reinforcement":[5],"are":[6],"the":[7,42,50,58,65,70,87,90,105,112,140,152,155,171,175,186,191],"main":[8],"obstacles":[9],"digital":[11],"fabrication":[12],"with":[13,69,92,108,124],"concrete.":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16],"proposed":[17],"a":[18,180],"3D":[19,165],"printable":[20],"fiber-reinforced":[21,66],"calcined":[22,31],"clay-limestone-based":[23],"cementitious":[24],"material":[25],"(FR-LC3).":[26],"The":[27,52,101,167],"binder":[28,72,94],"systems":[29,95],"incorporating":[30],"clay":[32],"(CC)":[33],"limestone":[35],"filler":[36],"(LF)":[37],"were":[38,83,121,159],"optimized":[39,71],"by":[40],"determining":[41],"flow":[43],"characteristics":[44],"water":[46,130],"retention":[47,131],"ability":[48],"of":[49,54,64,77,89,179],"paste.":[51],"effect":[53],"fiber":[55,137],"volume":[56],"on":[57],"key":[59],"fresh":[60],"mechanical":[62],"properties":[63],"mortars":[67],"made":[68],"was":[73],"evaluated.":[74],"A":[75],"combination":[76],"offline":[78],"assessments":[79],"inline":[81],"printing":[82],"employed":[84],"to":[85,139,194],"investigate":[86],"printability":[88],"FR-LC3":[91,157],"various":[93],"viscosity-modifying":[97],"admixture":[98],"(VMA)":[99],"dosages.":[100],"results":[102],"revealed":[103],"that":[104],"binary":[106],"system":[107,114,173],"20%":[109],"CC":[110,117],"ternary":[113,172],"containing":[115],"30%":[116],"15%":[119],"LF":[120,168],"highly":[122],"advantageous,":[123],"enhanced":[125,195],"packing":[126],"density,":[127],"robustness,":[128],"ability.":[132],"Incorporating":[133],"2%":[134],"6-mm":[135],"steel":[136],"contributed":[138],"highest":[141],"28-day":[142],"compressive":[143],"flexural":[145],"strengths":[146],"toughness":[148],"without":[149],"significantly":[150,189],"compromising":[151],"fluidity.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"developed":[156],"mixtures":[158],"successfully":[160],"printed":[161,182],"using":[162],"an":[163],"extrusion-based":[164],"printer.":[166],"addition":[169],"decreased":[174],"maximum":[176],"buildable":[177],"height":[178,192],"single-wall":[181],"object":[183],"while":[184],"reducing":[185],"SP/VMA":[187],"ratio":[188],"increased":[190],"due":[193],"yield":[196],"stress":[197],"thixotropy.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
