{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385416091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081949","title":"Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application","display_name":"Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385416091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings13081949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/1949/pdf?version=1690796006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/1949/pdf?version=1690796006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042990023","display_name":"Husam A. Salah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-3567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Husam A. Salah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-3567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076938014","display_name":"Azrul A. Mutalib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-1997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Azrul A. Mutalib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011867032","display_name":"A. B. M. A. Kaish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. B. M. A. Kaish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-1026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053867775","display_name":"Agusril Syamsir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agusril Syamsir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058481085","display_name":"Hassan Amer Algaifi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Amer Algaifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011867032","https://openalex.org/A5076938014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1949},"fwci":4.3341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94622642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"1949","last_page":"1949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-fume","display_name":"Silica fume","score":0.8798466920852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8583006262779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.8286648988723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.7564803957939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.6561082601547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.6554906368255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pozzolan","display_name":"Pozzolan","score":0.653190016746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.6484454870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.44875040650367737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11839303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622096","display_name":"Silica fume","level":3,"score":0.8798466920852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8583006262779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.8286648988723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.7564803957939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.6561082601547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6554906368255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77835500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694124","display_name":"Pozzolan","level":4,"score":0.653190016746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6484454870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.44875040650367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings13081949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/1949/pdf?version=1690796006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1695974064fb416eb7f2db464c7ef663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1695974064fb416eb7f2db464c7ef663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 1949 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-5309/13/8/1949/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 1949","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings13081949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/1949/pdf?version=1690796006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385416091.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1848481348","https://openalex.org/W2010743974","https://openalex.org/W2202658916","https://openalex.org/W2215457266","https://openalex.org/W2292388948","https://openalex.org/W2549041033","https://openalex.org/W2604877853","https://openalex.org/W2729020886","https://openalex.org/W2782817064","https://openalex.org/W2793604378","https://openalex.org/W2808508889","https://openalex.org/W2895555270","https://openalex.org/W2913763143","https://openalex.org/W2914766023","https://openalex.org/W2921177911","https://openalex.org/W2922302395","https://openalex.org/W2947719166","https://openalex.org/W2957412640","https://openalex.org/W2969193009","https://openalex.org/W2992485880","https://openalex.org/W2996237082","https://openalex.org/W2996784241","https://openalex.org/W2999605557","https://openalex.org/W3000751075","https://openalex.org/W3011924048","https://openalex.org/W3014776843","https://openalex.org/W3026219921","https://openalex.org/W3038958726","https://openalex.org/W3046604879","https://openalex.org/W3092433859","https://openalex.org/W3107029277","https://openalex.org/W3111057122","https://openalex.org/W3118538676","https://openalex.org/W3125694770","https://openalex.org/W3131118160","https://openalex.org/W3131948835","https://openalex.org/W3155783559","https://openalex.org/W3165743971","https://openalex.org/W3176402950","https://openalex.org/W3192400065","https://openalex.org/W3193555877","https://openalex.org/W3194998212","https://openalex.org/W3195523418","https://openalex.org/W3206746153","https://openalex.org/W3213948000","https://openalex.org/W3214343813","https://openalex.org/W4245538820","https://openalex.org/W4283763999","https://openalex.org/W4283798714","https://openalex.org/W4297016825","https://openalex.org/W4310255187","https://openalex.org/W4318186077","https://openalex.org/W4362677867","https://openalex.org/W4376891038","https://openalex.org/W4381082039","https://openalex.org/W6772874299","https://openalex.org/W6784232884","https://openalex.org/W6804143778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134031917","https://openalex.org/W4214822514","https://openalex.org/W2287668695","https://openalex.org/W360130013","https://openalex.org/W3209948186","https://openalex.org/W2888355491","https://openalex.org/W3127417588","https://openalex.org/W201109656","https://openalex.org/W1979721602","https://openalex.org/W2792324762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,15,22,28,48,74,78,102,106,144,155,160,167,188,198,215,230,236,242,246,249,261,272,292,311,321,327,334,341],"use":[2],"of":[3,14,24,105,147,162,180,184,200,233,238,308,333],"3D":[4,35,65,303],"printing":[5,36,66,304],"in":[6,11,77,186,240,268,300,310],"civil":[7],"engineering":[8],"has":[9,315],"grown":[10],"popularity,":[12],"one":[13],"primary":[16],"challenges":[17],"associated":[18],"with":[19,38,275],"it":[20],"is":[21,45,157,295],"absence":[23],"steel":[25],"bars":[26],"inside":[27],"printed":[29,312],"mortar.":[30,305,335],"As":[31],"a":[32,89,302,317],"result,":[33],"developing":[34,301],"mortar":[37,53,173,313],"ultra-high":[39],"compressive,":[40,328],"flexural,":[41,329],"and":[42,58,82,101,114,120,126,131,142,149,169,182,205,210,220,235,244,257,270,281,320,323,330],"tensile":[43,112,331],"strengths":[44,332],"critical.":[46],"In":[47,259],"present":[49],"study,":[50],"an":[51,296],"ultra-high-performance":[52],"incorporating":[54],"silica":[55],"fume":[56],"(SF)":[57],"graphene":[59,163],"nanoplatelets":[60],"(GNPs)":[61],"was":[62,128,138,227],"developed":[63,176,262],"for":[64],"application.":[67],"The":[68,99,203,306],"concrete":[69,75],"mixture":[70,76],"added":[71,87],"SF":[72,234,322],"to":[73,97,140,194,214,229,343,347],"range":[79],"between":[80],"0%":[81],"20%,":[83],"while":[84,133],"GNPs":[85,148,181,239,324],"were":[86,118,207,253],"as":[88],"partial":[90],"replacement":[91],"by":[92,177,255],"cement":[93],"weight":[94],"from":[95,191],"0.5%":[96],"2%.":[98],"flowability":[100,156],"machinal":[103],"properties":[104,274],"proposed":[107],"mortar,":[108],"including":[109,178],"compressive":[110],"(CS),":[111],"(TS),":[113],"flexural":[115],"strength":[116],"(FS),":[117],"investigated":[119,130],"assessed.":[121],"Microstructure":[122],"analysis":[123],"involving":[124],"FESEM":[125],"EDX":[127],"also":[129],"evaluated,":[132],"response":[134],"surface":[135],"methodology":[136],"(RSM)":[137],"considered":[139],"predict":[141],"optimize":[143],"optimum":[145],"value":[146],"SF.":[150],"Workability":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154,291],"reduced":[158],"when":[159],"amount":[161],"increases.":[164],"Based":[165],"on":[166],"predicted":[168],"experimental":[170],"results,":[171],"ultra-high-strength":[172],"can":[174,288],"be":[175,289],"1.5%":[179],"20%":[183],"SF,":[185],"which":[187,252],"CS":[189],"jumped":[190],"70.7":[192],"MPa":[193,196,209,212,219],"133.3":[195],"at":[197,248],"age":[199],"28":[201],"days.":[202],"FS":[204],"TS":[206],"20.66":[208],"14.67":[211],"compared":[213],"control":[216],"mix":[217],"(9.75":[218],"6.36":[221],"MPa),":[222],"respectively.":[223],"This":[224],"favorable":[225],"outcome":[226],"credited":[228],"pozzolanic":[231],"activity":[232],"effectiveness":[237],"compacting":[241],"pores":[243],"bridging":[245],"cracks":[247],"nanoscale":[250],"level,":[251],"verified":[254],"FE-SEM":[256],"EDX.":[258],"addition,":[260],"quadratic":[263],"equations":[264],"proved":[265],"their":[266],"accuracy":[267],"predicting":[269],"optimizing":[271],"mechanical":[273],"low":[276],"error":[277],"(less":[278],"than":[279],"0.09)":[280],"high":[282],"correlation":[283],"(R2":[284],"&gt;":[285],"0.97).":[286],"It":[287],"concluded":[290],"current":[293],"work":[294],"important":[297],"step":[298],"forward":[299],"lack":[307],"reinforcement":[309],"structure":[314],"been":[316],"considerable":[318],"difficulty,":[319],"have":[325],"increased":[326],"Thus,":[336],"these":[337],"improvements":[338],"will":[339],"encourage":[340],"industry":[342],"utilize":[344],"sustainable":[345],"materials":[346],"produce":[348],"more":[349],"affordable":[350],"housing.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
