{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943510535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","title":"Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development","display_name":"Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943510535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","mag":"2943510535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9091809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/9/1809/pdf?version=1557135551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/9/1809/pdf?version=1557135551","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010219810","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-9036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-9036","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-4761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-9036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085812080","display_name":"Zhenming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-6264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-6264","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1221-1030","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-6913"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-6264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068372145","display_name":"Stefan Chaves Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Chaves Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071194001","display_name":"O\u011fuzhan \u00c7opuro\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-8577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-8577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O\u011fuzhan \u00c7opuro\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-8577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012826093","display_name":"Fred A. Veer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-0019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-0019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred Veer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042668207","display_name":"Erik Schlangen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-8888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-8888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Schlangen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-8888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010219810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"fwci":9.3672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98289118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"1809","last_page":"1809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-concrete-printing","display_name":"3D concrete printing","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcined-clay","display_name":"calcined clay","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limestone","display_name":"limestone","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious-materials","display_name":"cementitious materials","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrudability","display_name":"extrudability","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrusion-pressure","display_name":"extrusion pressure","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-strength","display_name":"early-age strength","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metakaolin","display_name":"metakaolin","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-strength","display_name":"green strength","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/setting-time","display_name":"setting time","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-construction-materials","display_name":"sustainable construction materials","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126292034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291516","display_name":"Metakaolin","level":3,"score":0.7548662424087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.7275282144546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7267510890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6744580864906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7082614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849523","display_name":"Calcination","level":3,"score":0.6037388443946838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.5661970376968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5182337760925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.294849693775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9091809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/9/1809/pdf?version=1557135551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7b360fccae8481eb9f39276ae8d6605","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7b360fccae8481eb9f39276ae8d6605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 1809 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:5f6fbf00-a54b-4f18-9af6-a2269745b24e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5f6fbf00-a54b-4f18-9af6-a2269745b24e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:5f6fbf00-a54b-4f18-9af6-a2269745b24e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5f6fbf00-a54b-4f18-9af6-a2269745b24e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, 9(9)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9091809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/9/1809/pdf?version=1557135551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1853068956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201506120072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G710280143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201807720005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336557","display_name":"Ci\u00eancia sem Fronteiras","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943510535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943510535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117145084","https://openalex.org/W2014188371","https://openalex.org/W2030488271","https://openalex.org/W2036364828","https://openalex.org/W2047273065","https://openalex.org/W2048271631","https://openalex.org/W2076030564","https://openalex.org/W2078462763","https://openalex.org/W2080057639","https://openalex.org/W2082645262","https://openalex.org/W2150583969","https://openalex.org/W2324424583","https://openalex.org/W2338005303","https://openalex.org/W2503299386","https://openalex.org/W2515970571","https://openalex.org/W2591174108","https://openalex.org/W2606387782","https://openalex.org/W2747237395","https://openalex.org/W2751236560","https://openalex.org/W2753713612","https://openalex.org/W2769719797","https://openalex.org/W2775294740","https://openalex.org/W2790480906","https://openalex.org/W2790927589","https://openalex.org/W2800610918","https://openalex.org/W2801051808","https://openalex.org/W2804367680","https://openalex.org/W2807968168","https://openalex.org/W2808212638","https://openalex.org/W2808508889","https://openalex.org/W2888972847","https://openalex.org/W2892531774","https://openalex.org/W2895360774","https://openalex.org/W2899509297","https://openalex.org/W2902994997","https://openalex.org/W2914766023","https://openalex.org/W2921155042","https://openalex.org/W2937838618","https://openalex.org/W2938519838","https://openalex.org/W6744066775","https://openalex.org/W6761276355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353277691","https://openalex.org/W3087480278","https://openalex.org/W1995773260","https://openalex.org/W1999797055","https://openalex.org/W2557798513","https://openalex.org/W3024649561","https://openalex.org/W4353072029","https://openalex.org/W2885946297","https://openalex.org/W3026963671","https://openalex.org/W2001216955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"goal":[1],"of":[2,10,13,32,40,54,71,81,114,136],"this":[3,137],"study":[4,138],"is":[5],"to":[6,67,76],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,17,47,62,69,78,89,94,98,103,111,115,122,133,142,151,158,164],"effects":[9],"different":[11,85],"grades":[12,39],"calcined":[14,41,50,146],"clay":[15,147],"on":[16,61],"extrudability":[18],"and":[19,37,44,75,102,129,154,162,170],"early-age":[20,91],"strength":[21,92,100,124,166],"development":[22],"under":[23],"ambient":[24],"conditions.":[25],"Four":[26],"mix":[27,117],"designs":[28,118],"were":[29,108,119],"proposed.":[30],"Three":[31],"them":[33],"contained":[34],"high,":[35],"medium,":[36],"low":[38],"clay,":[42],"respectively,":[43],"one":[45],"was":[46,65,139],"reference":[48],"without":[49],"clay.":[51],"In":[52],"terms":[53],"extrudability,":[55],"an":[56],"extrusion":[57,79,152],"test":[58,107,125],"method":[59],"based":[60],"ram":[63],"extruder":[64],"introduced":[66],"observe":[68],"quality":[70],"extruded":[72],"material":[73],"filaments,":[74],"determine":[77],"pressure":[80],"tested":[82],"materials":[83],"at":[84,126,167],"ages.":[86],"For":[87],"evaluating":[88],"very":[90],"development,":[93],"penetration":[95],"resistance":[96],"test,":[97,101],"green":[99,155],"ultrasonic":[104],"pulse":[105],"velocity":[106],"applied.":[109],"Furthermore,":[110],"mechanical":[112],"properties":[113],"developed":[116],"determined":[120],"by":[121],"compressive":[123,165],"1,":[127,168],"7":[128],"28":[130,171],"days.":[131,172],"Finally,":[132],"main":[134],"finding":[135],"that":[140],"increasing":[141],"metakaolin":[143],"content":[144],"in":[145],"could":[148],"significantly":[149],"increase":[150],"pressures":[153],"strength,":[156],"shorten":[157],"initial":[159],"setting":[160],"time":[161],"enhance":[163],"7,":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-05-09T00:00:00"}
