{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119522298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010069","title":"Enhancing Resilience in China\u2019s Refined Oil Product Distribution Network: A Complex Network Theory Approach with Optimization Strategies","display_name":"Enhancing Resilience in China\u2019s Refined Oil Product Distribution Network: A Complex Network Theory Approach with Optimization Strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119522298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/69/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/69/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040579590","display_name":"Qingning Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingning Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122382550","display_name":"Lin Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122390122","display_name":"Tongtong Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongtong Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063021380","display_name":"Cen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-5312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-5312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040579590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06959248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.15549999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.15549999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.12070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.11659999936819077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguard","display_name":"Safeguard","score":0.6603999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-supply","display_name":"Oil supply","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-network","display_name":"Supply network","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.38609999418258667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.6603999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993360226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912281","display_name":"Oil supply","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780579389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083991","display_name":"Supply network","level":3,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161036016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956095","display_name":"Theory of constraints","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11804174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192971","display_name":"Network theory","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2160088","display_name":"Robust optimization","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/69/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9544e745b324ed081eb97dac5fc1624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9544e745b324ed081eb97dac5fc1624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 69 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems14010069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/1/69/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119522298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119522298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Considering":[0],"the":[1,7,30,98,103,110,120,129,138,142],"escalating":[2],"international":[3,124],"geopolitical":[4],"tensions":[5],"and":[6,23,57,109],"ensuing":[8],"great":[9],"power":[10],"maneuvers,":[11],"China\u2019s":[12],"oil":[13,34,48,104,134],"supply":[14,35,131],"faced":[15],"unprecedented":[16],"threats.":[17],"To":[18],"safeguard":[19],"against":[20],"these":[21],"risks":[22,121],"harness":[24],"domestic":[25],"resources":[26],"more":[27],"effectively,":[28],"addressing":[29],"stability":[31],"of":[32,132,141],"refined":[33,133],"had":[36],"become":[37],"an":[38],"urgent":[39],"imperative.":[40],"The":[41,77,89],"complex":[42],"network":[43,83,111],"theory":[44],"is":[45],"integrated":[46],"into":[47],"product":[49],"delivery":[50],"logistics,":[51],"accounting":[52],"for":[53],"transportation":[54],"volumes,":[55],"distances,":[56],"node":[58,91],"importance.":[59],"Through":[60],"simulation,":[61],"we":[62],"evaluated":[63],"each":[64],"scheme\u2019s":[65],"efficacy":[66],"using":[67],"a":[68,72],"case":[69],"study":[70],"from":[71,123],"province":[73],"in":[74,82,115],"northwest":[75],"China.":[76],"results":[78],"demonstrate":[79],"notable":[80],"improvements":[81],"robustness":[84],"across":[85],"all":[86],"four":[87],"strategies.":[88],"key":[90],"focuses":[92],"on":[93],"protection":[94],"measures":[95],"emerged":[96],"as":[97],"most":[99],"effective,":[100],"followed":[101],"by":[102],"depot":[105],"resource":[106],"optimization":[107,113],"strategy":[108],"topology":[112],"strategy,":[114],"descending":[116],"order.":[117],"By":[118],"mitigating":[119],"stemming":[122],"uncertainties,":[125],"our":[126],"strategies":[127],"ensured":[128],"timely":[130],"products,":[135],"thereby":[136],"upholding":[137],"stable":[139],"functioning":[140],"national":[143],"economy.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2026-01-09T00:00:00"}