{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412958249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080661","title":"Motivation, Urban Pressures, and the Limits of Satisfaction: Insights into Employee Retention in a Changing Workforce","display_name":"Motivation, Urban Pressures, and the Limits of Satisfaction: Insights into Employee Retention in a Changing Workforce","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412958249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13080661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/661/pdf?version=1754387244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/661/pdf?version=1754387244","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052201232","display_name":"Rob Kim Marjerison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-8695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153668","display_name":"Wenzhou-Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/05609xa16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153668"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Kim Marjerison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sustainability Studies, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-8695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sustainability Studies, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113928501","display_name":"Jin Young Jun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8691-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Young Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Trade, College of Social Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8691-9786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Trade, College of Social Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416702","display_name":"Jong Min Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-2117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jong Min Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Trade, College of Social Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-2117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Trade, College of Social Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036344654","display_name":"George Kuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72677000","display_name":"International School of Management","ror":"https://ror.org/03jab8886","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72677000"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Kuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Business, International School of Management, 75007 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5676-0267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Business, International School of Management, 75007 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72677000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100416702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":6.4368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96081164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"661","last_page":"661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10154","display_name":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"Employee retention","score":0.7410612106323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce","display_name":"Workforce","score":0.7375845909118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"Job satisfaction","score":0.6251147389411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5970442891120911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-engagement","display_name":"Employee engagement","score":0.5667904615402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.46615514159202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3575752079486847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3468784987926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.23473027348518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1786728799343109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11413910984992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10924354195594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.08239468932151794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778735886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1939410","display_name":"Employee retention","level":2,"score":0.7410612106323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7375845909118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.6251147389411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5970442891120911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99753626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14937678","display_name":"Employee engagement","level":2,"score":0.5667904615402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46615514159202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3575752079486847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3468784987926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.23473027348518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1786728799343109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11413910984992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10924354195594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08239468932151794}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13080661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/661/pdf?version=1754387244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1088d7ebb5ad4c3caf09e5440f53426f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1088d7ebb5ad4c3caf09e5440f53426f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Systems, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 661 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/systems13080661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/8/661/pdf?version=1754387244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219410","display_name":"Systems","issn_l":"2079-8954","issn":["2079-8954"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412958249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412958249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W366728794","https://openalex.org/W1560729591","https://openalex.org/W1588531973","https://openalex.org/W1761752669","https://openalex.org/W1966360875","https://openalex.org/W1977816231","https://openalex.org/W1983398824","https://openalex.org/W1983949746","https://openalex.org/W1986044010","https://openalex.org/W1997018345","https://openalex.org/W2001937197","https://openalex.org/W2003038531","https://openalex.org/W2004885083","https://openalex.org/W2005765246","https://openalex.org/W2018747219","https://openalex.org/W2042623444","https://openalex.org/W2052857312","https://openalex.org/W2053102514","https://openalex.org/W2054163125","https://openalex.org/W2057978731","https://openalex.org/W2076008204","https://openalex.org/W2081757192","https://openalex.org/W2084389751","https://openalex.org/W2084710723","https://openalex.org/W2088942741","https://openalex.org/W2096320953","https://openalex.org/W2099119815","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100659147","https://openalex.org/W2106213165","https://openalex.org/W2115486280","https://openalex.org/W2121102494","https://openalex.org/W2147984108","https://openalex.org/W2151396560","https://openalex.org/W2153582874","https://openalex.org/W2169108863","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2257988262","https://openalex.org/W2381401956","https://openalex.org/W2744615047","https://openalex.org/W2792335239","https://openalex.org/W2889251841","https://openalex.org/W2921283526","https://openalex.org/W2938053058","https://openalex.org/W2979521927","https://openalex.org/W3021115498","https://openalex.org/W3031340903","https://openalex.org/W3085535757","https://openalex.org/W3110450644","https://openalex.org/W3125384882","https://openalex.org/W3159019725","https://openalex.org/W3199510564","https://openalex.org/W3208277047","https://openalex.org/W4213009087","https://openalex.org/W4229457720","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4283376078","https://openalex.org/W4284897423","https://openalex.org/W4285007896","https://openalex.org/W4300961057","https://openalex.org/W4380785158","https://openalex.org/W4390816463","https://openalex.org/W4392884047","https://openalex.org/W4394858775","https://openalex.org/W4396834417","https://openalex.org/W4396873088","https://openalex.org/W4398207085","https://openalex.org/W4400981582","https://openalex.org/W4402936195","https://openalex.org/W4403550658","https://openalex.org/W4403848245","https://openalex.org/W4405327707","https://openalex.org/W4405419691","https://openalex.org/W4406470715","https://openalex.org/W4406628968","https://openalex.org/W4408119728","https://openalex.org/W4408428443","https://openalex.org/W6633724138","https://openalex.org/W6635147345","https://openalex.org/W6646329207","https://openalex.org/W6681958449","https://openalex.org/W6682871592","https://openalex.org/W6808414679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3168362071","https://openalex.org/W3025775352","https://openalex.org/W4285316943","https://openalex.org/W4390839166","https://openalex.org/W2594420818","https://openalex.org/W4399459875","https://openalex.org/W4381572113","https://openalex.org/W3048298666","https://openalex.org/W4411471883","https://openalex.org/W2168124236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,144],"aims":[2],"to":[3],"clarify":[4],"how":[5,77,133],"different":[6],"types":[7],"of":[8,18,31],"motivation":[9,89,114,155],"influence":[10],"employee":[11,141],"retention":[12,151],"by":[13,131,152],"identifying":[14],"the":[15,111],"distinct":[16],"roles":[17],"intrinsic":[19,48,88],"and":[20,34,42,53,67,79,115,136,165],"extrinsic":[21,54,97],"factors":[22,56,98],"in":[23,93],"shaping":[24],"job":[25],"satisfaction,":[26,91],"particularly":[27],"under":[28],"varying":[29],"levels":[30],"urban":[32,94],"stress":[33],"generational":[35,137],"identity.":[36],"Drawing":[37],"on":[38],"Herzberg\u2019s":[39],"Two-Factor":[40],"Theory":[41],"Self-Determination":[43],"Theory,":[44],"we":[45,75],"distinguish":[46],"between":[47,113],"drivers":[49],"(e.g.,":[50,57],"autonomy,":[51],"achievement)":[52],"hygiene":[55],"pay,":[58],"stability).":[59],"Using":[60],"survey":[61],"data":[62],"from":[63],"356":[64],"Chinese":[65],"employees":[66],"applying":[68],"PLS-SEM":[69],"with":[70,156],"a":[71,146],"moderated":[72],"mediation":[73],"design,":[74],"investigate":[76],"urbanization":[78],"Generation":[80,123],"Z":[81,124],"moderate":[82],"these":[83],"relationships.":[84],"Results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"enhances":[90],"especially":[92],"settings,":[95],"while":[96],"negatively":[99],"affect":[100],"satisfaction":[101,109],"when":[102],"perceived":[103],"as":[104],"insufficient":[105],"or":[106],"unfair.":[107],"Job":[108],"mediates":[110],"relationship":[112],"retention,":[116],"although":[117],"this":[118],"effect":[119],"is":[120],"weaker":[121],"among":[122],"employees.":[125],"These":[126],"findings":[127],"refine":[128],"motivational":[129],"theories":[130],"demonstrating":[132],"environmental":[134],"pressure":[135],"values":[138],"jointly":[139],"shape":[140],"attitudes.":[142],"The":[143],"contributes":[145],"context-sensitive":[147],"framework":[148],"for":[149,162],"understanding":[150],"integrating":[153],"individual":[154],"macro-level":[157],"moderators,":[158],"offering":[159],"practical":[160],"implications":[161],"managing":[163],"diverse":[164],"urbanizing":[166],"labor":[167],"markets.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}