{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004285861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020227","title":"Application of Gray Relational Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Statistical Techniques of Product Designs","display_name":"Application of Gray Relational Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Statistical Techniques of Product Designs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004285861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020227","mag":"3004285861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12020227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/227/pdf?version=1580726251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/227/pdf?version=1580726251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059425581","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Hung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-4669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126829","display_name":"China Medical University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0368s4g32","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126829"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Hung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan","Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5518-4669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I4210126829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076514035","display_name":"Jui-Hung Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-2943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jui-Hung Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028617510","display_name":"Chi-Hsiung Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Hsiung Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059425581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492","https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I4210126829"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.8296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74591999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"227","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.731515645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-development","display_name":"New product development","score":0.6182772517204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray","display_name":"Gray (unit)","score":0.5963883996009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.5190480351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-design","display_name":"Product design","score":0.5139383673667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4913314878940582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4710500240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.4210210144519806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.4150148630142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.3281822204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16094565391540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10160425305366516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.731515645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.6182772517204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5963883996009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.5190480351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226","display_name":"Product design","level":3,"score":0.5139383673667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4913314878940582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4710500240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.4210210144519806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4150148630142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3281822204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16094565391540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10160425305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12020227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/227/pdf?version=1580726251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7576f019a1564468bbf69cb0b2f73952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7576f019a1564468bbf69cb0b2f73952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 227 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/2/227/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12020227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/227/pdf?version=1580726251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5747687673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-108-2221-E-468-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004285861.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970167927","https://openalex.org/W1990099118","https://openalex.org/W1991495800","https://openalex.org/W2017296724","https://openalex.org/W2017386503","https://openalex.org/W2030692455","https://openalex.org/W2043437564","https://openalex.org/W2058561131","https://openalex.org/W2083663292","https://openalex.org/W2095422290","https://openalex.org/W2109907375","https://openalex.org/W2114945199","https://openalex.org/W2373185588","https://openalex.org/W2486947215","https://openalex.org/W2526535978","https://openalex.org/W2765771894","https://openalex.org/W2904358739","https://openalex.org/W2910987095","https://openalex.org/W2918621645","https://openalex.org/W2943167977","https://openalex.org/W2945212008","https://openalex.org/W2949683844","https://openalex.org/W2965552503","https://openalex.org/W2986527341","https://openalex.org/W4234620823","https://openalex.org/W6745372155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185689662","https://openalex.org/W2198164489","https://openalex.org/W2028624523","https://openalex.org/W1969426912","https://openalex.org/W2079825352","https://openalex.org/W3144360982","https://openalex.org/W1968930765","https://openalex.org/W2814492520","https://openalex.org/W2111740100","https://openalex.org/W2072996905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0,79],"the":[1,27,48,72,80,86,98,101,114,120,138,145],"development":[2,19,50,139,147],"of":[3,74,103,122],"fan":[4,36,49,77,88],"products,":[5],"designers":[6,37,133],"often":[7],"encounter":[8],"gray":[9,64],"areas":[10],"when":[11],"creating":[12],"new":[13,60],"designs.":[14],"Without":[15],"clear":[16],"design":[17],"goals,":[18],"efficiency":[20],"is":[21,106],"usually":[22],"reduced,":[23],"and":[24,52,70,125,141],"fans":[25,105],"are":[26],"best":[28],"solution":[29],"for":[30],"studying":[31],"symmetry":[32,108],"or":[33],"asymmetry.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"need":[38],"to":[39,68],"figure":[40],"out":[41],"an":[42,90],"optimization":[43],"approach":[44,62,130],"that":[45,85,113],"can":[46,131],"simplify":[47],"process":[51,140],"reduce":[53,126,144],"associated":[54],"costs.":[55,127],"This":[56],"study":[57],"provides":[58],"a":[59,75,94,107],"statistical":[61],"using":[63],"relational":[65],"analysis":[66],"(GRA)":[67],"analyze":[69],"optimize":[71],"parameters":[73],"particular":[76],"design.":[78],"research,":[81],"it":[82],"was":[83],"found":[84],"single":[87,95],"uses":[89],"asymmetry":[91],"concept":[92],"with":[93],"blade":[96],"as":[97],"design,":[99],"while":[100],"operation":[102],"double":[104],"concept.":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"indicated":[112],"proposed":[115],"mechanical":[116],"operations":[117],"could":[118],"enhance":[119],"variety":[121],"product":[123,146],"designs":[124],"Moreover,":[128],"this":[129],"relieve":[132],"from":[134],"unnecessary":[135],"effort":[136],"during":[137],"also":[142],"effectively":[143],"time.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
