{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1902631842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151026331","title":"Using Polynomials to Simplify Fixed Pattern Noise and Photometric Correction of Logarithmic CMOS Image Sensors","display_name":"Using Polynomials to Simplify Fixed Pattern Noise and Photometric Correction of Logarithmic CMOS Image Sensors","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1902631842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151026331","mag":"1902631842","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26501287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s151026331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151026331","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/26331/pdf?version=1445564409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/26331/pdf?version=1445564409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336850","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-0224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108966384","display_name":"Alireza Mahmoodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7009-7625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Mahmoodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036162033","display_name":"Dileepan Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-1456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dileepan Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2001,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57612973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"26331","last_page":"26352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-pattern-noise","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","score":0.9230834245681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6984379291534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.6055179834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5980403423309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5954234004020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5658599138259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5291932821273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4958091676235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.47755035758018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46643972396850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4566260576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.4353655278682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32876238226890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3105581998825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30754464864730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29009607434272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10352110862731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09761983156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08385857939720154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456322","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","level":3,"score":0.9230834245681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6984379291534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.6055179834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5980403423309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5954234004020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5658599138259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5291932821273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4958091676235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.47755035758018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46643972396850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4566260576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.4353655278682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32876238226890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3105581998825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30754464864730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29009607434272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10352110862731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09761983156204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08385857939720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s151026331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151026331","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/26331/pdf?version=1445564409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26501287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26501287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8d96de76ac74d0182f348e67112a003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8d96de76ac74d0182f348e67112a003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 10, Pp 26331-26352 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/15/10/26331/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s151026331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4634387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4634387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s151026331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s151026331","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/10/26331/pdf?version=1445564409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2937945881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP 312526-2012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8914924655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EGP 411592-2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310709","display_name":"CMC Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/03k70ea39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1902631842.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1902631842.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116944279","https://openalex.org/W180855370","https://openalex.org/W1965810992","https://openalex.org/W1975620799","https://openalex.org/W1986285185","https://openalex.org/W1990673972","https://openalex.org/W2023857160","https://openalex.org/W2094684268","https://openalex.org/W2103816619","https://openalex.org/W2112116115","https://openalex.org/W2134125299","https://openalex.org/W2137587482","https://openalex.org/W2147283416","https://openalex.org/W2147395055","https://openalex.org/W2168820200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157229359","https://openalex.org/W3188917671","https://openalex.org/W2750896364","https://openalex.org/W2147395055","https://openalex.org/W2350553929","https://openalex.org/W2944131264","https://openalex.org/W2144299266","https://openalex.org/W2331709517","https://openalex.org/W1990138130","https://openalex.org/W2097779816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"class":[2,22],"of":[3,18,31,79,112,133],"complementary":[4],"metal-oxide-semiconductor":[5],"(CMOS)":[6],"image":[7,44,171],"sensors":[8],"are":[9,14,28,41],"those":[10],"where":[11],"pixel":[12,57,94],"responses":[13,58],"monotonic":[15,110,139],"nonlinear":[16,99],"functions":[17],"light":[19],"stimuli.":[20],"This":[21],"includes":[23],"various":[24],"logarithmic":[25,169],"architectures,":[26],"which":[27,40,75],"easily":[29],"capable":[30],"wide":[32],"dynamic":[33],"range":[34],"imaging,":[35],"at":[36],"video":[37],"rates,":[38],"but":[39],"vulnerable":[42],"to":[43,65,129,176],"quality":[45],"issues.":[46],"To":[47],"minimize":[48],"fixed":[49],"pattern":[50],"noise":[51],"(FPN)":[52],"and":[53,62,67,120,153,173,188],"maximize":[54],"photometric":[55,144,155],"accuracy,":[56],"must":[59],"be":[60],"calibrated":[61],"corrected":[63],"due":[64],"mismatch":[66],"process":[68],"variation":[69],"during":[70],"fabrication.":[71],"Unlike":[72],"literature":[73],"approaches,":[74],"employ":[76],"circuit-based":[77,151],"models":[78],"varying":[80],"complexity,":[81],"this":[82],"paper":[83],"introduces":[84],"a":[85,97,130,138,150,159,168,177],"novel":[86,184],"approach":[87,163,179,185],"based":[88],"on":[89],"low-degree":[90],"polynomials.":[91],"Although":[92],"each":[93],"may":[95],"have":[96],"highly":[98],"response,":[100],"an":[101,121],"approximately-linear":[102],"FPN":[103,115],"calibration":[104,145],"is":[105,125,146,164,174],"possible":[106,148],"by":[107],"exploiting":[108],"the":[109,181],"nature":[111],"imaging.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"correction":[116,156],"requires":[117,157],"only":[118,158],"arithmetic,":[119],"optimal":[122],"fixed-point":[123,154],"implementation":[124],"readily":[126],"derived,":[127],"subject":[128],"user-specified":[131],"number":[132],"bits":[134],"per":[135],"pixel.":[136],"Using":[137],"spline,":[140],"involving":[141],"cubic":[142],"polynomials,":[143],"also":[147],"without":[149],"model,":[152],"look-up":[160],"table.":[161],"The":[162,183],"experimentally":[165],"validated":[166],"with":[167],"CMOS":[170],"sensor":[172],"compared":[175],"leading":[178],"from":[180],"literature.":[182],"proves":[186],"effective":[187],"efficient.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}