{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397533386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110928","title":"A Generic Framework for Assessing the Performance Bounds of Image Feature Detectors","display_name":"A Generic Framework for Assessing the Performance Bounds of Image Feature Detectors","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397533386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110928","mag":"2397533386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8110928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/11/928/pdf?version=1478689687","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/11/928/pdf?version=1478689687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103245109","display_name":"Shoaib Ehsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-1898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shoaib Ehsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113463814","display_name":"Adrian F. Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085971943","display_name":"Ale\u0161 Leonardis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-3277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ales Leonardis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054557758","display_name":"Naveed ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-5839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032948273","display_name":"Ahmad Khaliq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Khaliq","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021136553","display_name":"Maria Fasli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8831-102X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Fasli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077992830","display_name":"Klaus D. McDonald-Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus McDonald-Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103245109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03431745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"928","last_page":"928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7517915964126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6361796259880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6073414087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5783711671829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5605576038360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-detection","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","score":0.4411745071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.41104114055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3516099750995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3250042200088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2568913400173187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7517915964126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6361796259880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6073414087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5783711671829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5605576038360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.4411745071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.41104114055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3516099750995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3250042200088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2568913400173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8110928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/11/928/pdf?version=1478689687","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1b8c7d50af34320b54baaf53ede6058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1b8c7d50af34320b54baaf53ede6058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 11, p 928 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:477758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/477758/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/11/928/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8110928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8110928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8110928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/11/928/pdf?version=1478689687","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8322284704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L011859/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397533386.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2397533386.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8060509","https://openalex.org/W1494249986","https://openalex.org/W1496395994","https://openalex.org/W1505641881","https://openalex.org/W1557608150","https://openalex.org/W1970393892","https://openalex.org/W1975559841","https://openalex.org/W1980911747","https://openalex.org/W1987453656","https://openalex.org/W2015206503","https://openalex.org/W2017284398","https://openalex.org/W2031110608","https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2054511520","https://openalex.org/W2061487806","https://openalex.org/W2062758634","https://openalex.org/W2064544987","https://openalex.org/W2069295011","https://openalex.org/W2071285205","https://openalex.org/W2073152679","https://openalex.org/W2084413241","https://openalex.org/W2087686573","https://openalex.org/W2092335158","https://openalex.org/W2096239627","https://openalex.org/W2098083083","https://openalex.org/W2098789800","https://openalex.org/W2116177762","https://openalex.org/W2116645043","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2123681887","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2124592837","https://openalex.org/W2129133278","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2147237076","https://openalex.org/W2150290224","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151147209","https://openalex.org/W2156830547","https://openalex.org/W2157716919","https://openalex.org/W2157838043","https://openalex.org/W2161073551","https://openalex.org/W2161462900","https://openalex.org/W2162540389","https://openalex.org/W2163669576","https://openalex.org/W2166000053","https://openalex.org/W2167518417","https://openalex.org/W2172188317","https://openalex.org/W2172263315","https://openalex.org/W3136822521","https://openalex.org/W4205398292","https://openalex.org/W7054817894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077391823","https://openalex.org/W824274296","https://openalex.org/W1928528477","https://openalex.org/W2475750579","https://openalex.org/W2372658156","https://openalex.org/W2029448589","https://openalex.org/W2091822342","https://openalex.org/W2352392492","https://openalex.org/W2149402034","https://openalex.org/W2008487901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"local":[1,219],"feature":[2,65,220],"detection":[3,66],"has":[4,21,54],"been":[5,43],"one":[6],"of":[7,25,32,40,59,63,79,99,105,119,128,203,227,237],"the":[8,17,57,61,76,88,100,201,210,233],"most":[9],"active":[10],"research":[11],"areas":[12],"in":[13,47,71,93,131,244],"computer":[14],"vision":[15,72,140,211],"during":[16],"last":[18],"decade":[19],"and":[20,30,53,102,108,138,151,159,176,205,235],"found":[22],"wide":[23],"range":[24],"applications":[26,49,243],"(such":[27],"as":[28,116],"matching":[29],"registration":[31],"remotely":[33],"sensed":[34],"image":[35,120,169,187],"data),":[36],"a":[37,83,117,125,183,225],"large":[38,186],"number":[39],"detectors":[41,115,158,204,221],"have":[42],"proposed.":[44],"The":[45,142,178],"interest":[46],"feature-based":[48],"continues":[50],"to":[51,134,148,160,231],"grow":[52],"thus":[55],"rendered":[56],"task":[58],"characterizing":[60],"performance":[62,107,112,164],"various":[64],"methods":[67],"an":[68,132],"important":[69],"issue":[70],"research.":[73],"Inspired":[74],"by":[75,123],"good":[77],"practices":[78],"electronic":[80],"system":[81],"design,":[82],"generic":[84],"framework":[85,144,239],"based":[86],"on":[87],"repeatability":[89],"measure":[90],"is":[91,145],"presented":[92,223],"this":[94,238],"paper":[95],"that":[96],"allows":[97],"assessment":[98],"upper":[101],"lower":[103],"bounds":[104],"detector":[106],"finds":[109],"statistically":[110],"significant":[111],"differences":[113,165],"between":[114],"function":[118],"transformation":[121],"amount":[122],"introducing":[124],"new":[126,198],"variant":[127],"McNemar\u2019s":[129],"test":[130],"effort":[133],"design":[135,213],"more":[136],"reliable":[137],"effective":[139],"systems.":[141],"proposed":[143],"then":[146],"employed":[147],"establish":[149],"operating":[150],"guarantee":[152],"regions":[153],"for":[154,166,217,224,240],"several":[155],"state-of-the":[156],"art":[157],"identify":[161],"their":[162],"statistical":[163],"three":[167],"specific":[168],"transformations:":[170],"JPEG":[171],"compression,":[172],"uniform":[173],"light":[174],"changes":[175],"blurring.":[177],"results":[179,196,216],"are":[180,206,222],"obtained":[181],"using":[182],"newly":[184],"acquired,":[185],"database":[188],"(20,482":[189],"images)":[190],"with":[191],"539":[192],"different":[193],"scenes.":[194],"These":[195],"provide":[197],"insights":[199],"into":[200],"behavior":[202],"also":[207],"useful":[208],"from":[209],"systems":[212],"perspective.":[214],"Finally,":[215],"some":[218],"set":[226],"remote":[228,241],"sensing":[229,242],"images":[230],"showcase":[232],"potential":[234],"utility":[236],"general.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}