{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2474435807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060528","title":"An IPCC-Compliant Technique for Forest Carbon Stock Assessment Using Airborne LiDAR-Derived Tree Metrics and Competition Index","display_name":"An IPCC-Compliant Technique for Forest Carbon Stock Assessment Using Airborne LiDAR-Derived Tree Metrics and Competition Index","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2474435807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060528","mag":"2474435807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8060528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060528","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/6/528/pdf?version=1466663769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/6/528/pdf?version=1466663769","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061511657","display_name":"Chinsu Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-8674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183570559","display_name":"National Chiayi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gknbs13","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183570559"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chinsu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183570559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028808190","display_name":"Gavin Thomson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40689657","display_name":"National Formosa University","ror":"https://ror.org/00q523p52","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40689657"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin Thomson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Formosa University, 64 Wunhua Road, Huwei Township, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Formosa University, 64 Wunhua Road, Huwei Township, Yunlin County 63201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40689657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015263215","display_name":"Sorin Popescu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sorin Popescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway Suite B 217, College Station, TX 77843, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway Suite B 217, College Station, TX 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061511657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183570559"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.0769,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93348864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"528","last_page":"528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.7826170325279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4584074318408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4537712037563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4343303143978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39105910062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36684131622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3221287429332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14044395089149475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7826170325279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4584074318408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4537712037563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4343303143978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39105910062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36684131622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3221287429332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14044395089149475}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8060528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060528","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/6/528/pdf?version=1466663769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3cb54a6487b14df0ac128247d9775c3d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3cb54a6487b14df0ac128247d9775c3d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 528 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/6/528/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8060528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 6; Pages: 528","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oaktrust.library.tamu.edu:1969.1/179659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/179659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400291","display_name":"OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","host_organization_name":"Texas A&M University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8060528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8060528","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/6/528/pdf?version=1466663769","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3365722850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6863194314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 102-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2474435807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2474435807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W301525313","https://openalex.org/W1272693108","https://openalex.org/W1490033620","https://openalex.org/W1566532634","https://openalex.org/W1964118436","https://openalex.org/W1967094826","https://openalex.org/W1970961959","https://openalex.org/W1986623698","https://openalex.org/W1997120165","https://openalex.org/W2002730835","https://openalex.org/W2010373978","https://openalex.org/W2011803907","https://openalex.org/W2016210396","https://openalex.org/W2019917126","https://openalex.org/W2022430129","https://openalex.org/W2032770950","https://openalex.org/W2038530930","https://openalex.org/W2053618729","https://openalex.org/W2058154428","https://openalex.org/W2060297838","https://openalex.org/W2084733540","https://openalex.org/W2086068902","https://openalex.org/W2092491956","https://openalex.org/W2092713296","https://openalex.org/W2093540905","https://openalex.org/W2095611427","https://openalex.org/W2097993678","https://openalex.org/W2098077025","https://openalex.org/W2109850379","https://openalex.org/W2118625899","https://openalex.org/W2121616733","https://openalex.org/W2127354426","https://openalex.org/W2132413105","https://openalex.org/W2137882837","https://openalex.org/W2150623992","https://openalex.org/W2155714399","https://openalex.org/W2157912881","https://openalex.org/W2159686512","https://openalex.org/W2166394891","https://openalex.org/W2187583266","https://openalex.org/W2200593305","https://openalex.org/W2202336390","https://openalex.org/W2219907915","https://openalex.org/W2280788228","https://openalex.org/W2330911211","https://openalex.org/W2340847604","https://openalex.org/W3023447741","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6654744057","https://openalex.org/W6686569311","https://openalex.org/W6703624077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"developed":[2,69],"an":[3,53,174,273],"IPCC":[4],"(Intergovernmental":[5],"Panel":[6],"on":[7],"Climate":[8],"Change)":[9],"compliant":[10],"method":[11,275],"for":[12,101,119,156,279],"the":[13,104,135,144,150,178,184,210,213,226,233],"estimation":[14],"of":[15,103,123,143,193,212,287],"above-ground":[16],"carbon":[17],"(AGC)":[18],"in":[19,126,146,166,177,254],"forest":[20,128,168,288],"stands":[21,289],"using":[22,70,76,225,238],"remote":[23],"sensing":[24],"technology.":[25],"A":[26],"multi-level":[27],"morphological":[28],"active":[29],"contour":[30],"(MMAC)":[31],"algorithm":[32],"was":[33,204,221],"employed":[34],"to":[35,141,173,181,200,206,209],"obtain":[36],"tree-level":[37,136,147,214,281],"metrics":[38,227],"(tree":[39],"height":[40,57],"(LH),":[41],"crown":[42],"radius":[43],"(LCR),":[44],"competition":[45],"index":[46],"(LCI),":[47],"and":[48,63,74,94,163,190,230,232,241,243,245,263,267,283],"stem":[49],"diameter":[50],"(LDBH))":[51],"from":[52,290],"airborne":[54,291],"LiDAR-derived":[55],"canopy":[56],"model.":[58],"Seven":[59],"biomass-based":[60,223],"AGC":[61,66,130,137,148,194,215,282,285],"models":[62,67,138,158,187,197,237],"13":[64],"volume-based":[65,236],"were":[68,99,109,235],"a":[71,77,112,222,251],"training":[72,151],"dataset":[73],"validated":[75],"separate":[78],"validation":[79],"dataset.":[80,152],"Four":[81],"accuracy":[82,115],"measures,":[83],"mean":[84],"absolute":[85],"error":[86,89,97,175],"(MAE),":[87],"root-mean-square":[88,95],"(RMSE),":[90],"percentage":[91,96,117,176],"RMSE":[92],"(PRMSE),":[93],"(RMSPE)":[98],"calculated":[100],"each":[102],"20":[105],"models.":[106,216],"These":[107],"measures":[108],"transformed":[110],"into":[111],"new":[113],"index,":[114],"improvement":[116],"(AIP),":[118],"post":[120],"hoc":[121],"testing":[122],"model":[124,220,224,256],"performance":[125,257],"estimating":[127],"stand":[129],"stock.":[131,195],"Results":[132],"showed":[133],"that":[134,276],"explained":[139],"84%":[140],"91%":[142],"variance":[145],"within":[149],"Prediction":[153],"errors":[154],"(RMSEs)":[155],"these":[157],"ranged":[159],"between":[160],"15":[161],"ton/ha":[162,165],"210":[164],"mature":[167],"stands,":[169],"which":[170,203],"is":[171,277],"equal":[172,205],"range":[179],"6%":[180],"86%.":[182],"At":[183],"stand-level,":[185],"several":[186],"achieved":[188,198],"accurate":[189],"reliable":[191],"predictions":[192],"Some":[196],"90%":[199],"95%":[201],"accuracy,":[202],"or":[207,265],"superior":[208],"R-squared":[211],"The":[217],"first":[218],"recommended":[219],"LDBH,":[228],"LH,":[229,239],"LCI":[231],"others":[234],"LCI,":[240,249],"LCR":[242,264],"LDBH":[244,266],"LH.":[246],"One":[247],"metric,":[248],"played":[250],"critical":[252],"role":[253],"upgrading":[255],"when":[258],"banded":[259],"together":[260],"with":[261],"LH":[262],"LCR.":[268],"We":[269],"conclude":[270],"by":[271],"proposing":[272],"IPCC-compatible":[274],"suitable":[278],"calculating":[280],"predicting":[284],"stock":[286],"LiDAR":[292],"data.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}