{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590156592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70606710","title":"Automated 3D Scene Reconstruction from Open Geospatial Data Sources: Airborne Laser Scanning and a 2D Topographic Database","display_name":"Automated 3D Scene Reconstruction from Open Geospatial Data Sources: Airborne Laser Scanning and a 2D Topographic Database","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590156592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70606710","mag":"1590156592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70606710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70606710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/6/6710/pdf?version=1432644707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/6/6710/pdf?version=1432644707","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101719303","display_name":"Lingli Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingli Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061693398","display_name":"Matti Lehtom\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-3493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Lehtom\u00e4ki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042071","display_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031025177","display_name":"Eetu Puttonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eetu Puttonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034744750","display_name":"Anssi Krooks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333622710","display_name":"Geological Survey of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/03vjnqy43","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333622710","https://openalex.org/I4210089493"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155278","display_name":"Maanmittauslaitos","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkycb73","country_code":null,"type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155278"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anssi Krooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Land Survey of Finland, Topographic Data Production. Opastinsilta 12 C, PL 84,  FI-00521 Helsinki, Finland","National Land Survey of Finland, Topographic Data Production. Opastinsilta 12 C, PL 84, FI-00521 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Land Survey of Finland, Topographic Data Production. Opastinsilta 12 C, PL 84,  FI-00521 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333622710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Land Survey of Finland, Topographic Data Production. Opastinsilta 12 C, PL 84, FI-00521 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333622710","https://openalex.org/I4387155278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020136472","display_name":"Hannu Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannu Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15800, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15800, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101719303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.0352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89629445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":"6710","last_page":"6740"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7034225463867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7014241814613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6514525413513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.5219235420227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.49236738681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.48428410291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.44994276762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4389580488204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4258136749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41921159625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3549119830131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32571762800216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18415892124176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.14017969369888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.09976968169212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08915942907333374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7034225463867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7014241814613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6514525413513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.5219235420227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.49236738681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.48428410291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.44994276762008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4389580488204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4258136749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41921159625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3549119830131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32571762800216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18415892124176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.14017969369888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.09976968169212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08915942907333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70606710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70606710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/6/6710/pdf?version=1432644707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/103390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/2bd15204-d844-4270-a817-0bbe77bd883b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4753879708649c088d0c49e8b703fef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4753879708649c088d0c49e8b703fef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 6, Pp 6710-6740 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/224816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/224816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"A1 Journal article \u2013 refereed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/6/6710/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70606710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70606710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70606710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/6/6710/pdf?version=1432644707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4444262854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CoE-LaSR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G779479861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"272195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1590156592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1590156592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33985956","https://openalex.org/W83360984","https://openalex.org/W148866785","https://openalex.org/W172442967","https://openalex.org/W192892705","https://openalex.org/W1490616530","https://openalex.org/W1539996215","https://openalex.org/W1571051704","https://openalex.org/W1959337817","https://openalex.org/W1966168407","https://openalex.org/W1986104804","https://openalex.org/W1996086983","https://openalex.org/W1996749420","https://openalex.org/W2002899493","https://openalex.org/W2003731033","https://openalex.org/W2005237498","https://openalex.org/W2007776676","https://openalex.org/W2008683230","https://openalex.org/W2016271686","https://openalex.org/W2019545415","https://openalex.org/W2023657303","https://openalex.org/W2029625183","https://openalex.org/W2035965089","https://openalex.org/W2041170980","https://openalex.org/W2044835201","https://openalex.org/W2048684659","https://openalex.org/W2049963111","https://openalex.org/W2053173013","https://openalex.org/W2054198697","https://openalex.org/W2059496137","https://openalex.org/W2062958535","https://openalex.org/W2064765926","https://openalex.org/W2075690349","https://openalex.org/W2086312876","https://openalex.org/W2087969956","https://openalex.org/W2088648144","https://openalex.org/W2102083336","https://openalex.org/W2102673432","https://openalex.org/W2104525659","https://openalex.org/W2113317307","https://openalex.org/W2130666164","https://openalex.org/W2135562095","https://openalex.org/W2138534490","https://openalex.org/W2141352787","https://openalex.org/W2150945251","https://openalex.org/W2160624915","https://openalex.org/W2325980629","https://openalex.org/W2504939841","https://openalex.org/W2622928986","https://openalex.org/W2754634795","https://openalex.org/W2786561570","https://openalex.org/W4211132319","https://openalex.org/W4246669717","https://openalex.org/W6602913128","https://openalex.org/W6603406552","https://openalex.org/W6629265730","https://openalex.org/W6632230562","https://openalex.org/W6651005455","https://openalex.org/W6659468905","https://openalex.org/W6666129331","https://openalex.org/W6677209092","https://openalex.org/W6701541992","https://openalex.org/W6743923483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W4399030596","https://openalex.org/W2366440988","https://openalex.org/W2358582870","https://openalex.org/W4293059742","https://openalex.org/W2082802685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open":[0],"geospatial":[1,125],"data":[2,146],"sources":[3],"provide":[4],"opportunities":[5],"for":[6,36,102,127,165],"low":[7],"cost":[8],"3D":[9,103,128,215],"scene":[10],"reconstruction.":[11,132],"In":[12,115],"this":[13,116],"study,":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16],"a":[17,32,176,213,222],"sparse":[18,100],"airborne":[19],"laser":[20],"scanning":[21],"(ALS)":[22],"point":[23],"cloud":[24],"(0.8":[25],"points/m2)":[26],"obtained":[27],"from":[28,138,204,219],"open":[29,124,140],"source":[30,141],"databases,":[31],"building":[33,38,65,77,90,104],"reconstruction":[34],"pipeline":[35,43],"CAD":[37,64,76],"models":[39,78],"was":[40,163,172,198],"developed.":[41],"The":[42,68,169,187,195],"includes":[44],"voxel-based":[45],"roof":[46,55],"patch":[47,56,192],"segmentation,":[48],"extraction":[49],"of":[50,70,82,123,155],"the":[51,54,80,84,109,121,151,156,201,205,209],"key-points":[52],"representing":[53],"outline,":[57],"step":[58,81],"edge":[59,206],"identification":[60],"and":[61,63,131,153,184,221],"adjustment,":[62],"model":[66],"generation.":[67],"advantages":[69],"our":[71,106],"method":[72,161,171],"lie":[73],"in":[74,112],"generating":[75],"without":[79],"enforcing":[83],"edges":[85,189],"to":[86,98,149,182,208],"be":[87],"parallel":[88],"or":[89],"regularization.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"although":[93],"it":[94],"has":[95],"been":[96],"challenging":[97],"use":[99],"datasets":[101,126],"reconstruction,":[105],"result":[107],"demonstrates":[108],"great":[110],"potential":[111],"such":[113],"applications.":[114],"paper,":[117],"we":[118],"also":[119],"investigated":[120],"applicability":[122],"road":[129,166,178,188,196],"detection":[130],"Road":[133],"central":[134,210],"lines":[135],"were":[136,147,190,217],"acquired":[137],"an":[139],"2D":[142],"topographic":[143,223],"database.":[144,224],"ALS":[145,220],"utilized":[148],"obtain":[150],"height":[152,183],"width":[154,167,197],"road.":[157],"A":[158],"constrained":[159],"search":[160],"(CSM)":[162],"developed":[164],"detection.":[168],"CSM":[170],"conducted":[173],"by":[174,193,200],"splitting":[175],"given":[177],"into":[179],"patches":[180],"according":[181],"direction":[185],"criteria.":[186],"detected":[191],"patch.":[194],"determined":[199],"average":[202],"distance":[203],"points":[207],"line.":[211],"As":[212],"result,":[214],"roads":[216],"reconstructed":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}