{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1602123351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70506133","title":"Ice Freeze-up and Break-up Detection of Shallow Lakes in Northern Alaska with Spaceborne SAR","display_name":"Ice Freeze-up and Break-up Detection of Shallow Lakes in Northern Alaska with Spaceborne SAR","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1602123351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70506133","mag":"1602123351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70506133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70506133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/6133/pdf?version=1432626215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/6133/pdf?version=1432626215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052882793","display_name":"C. M. Surdu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165017","display_name":"European Space Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9rv16","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I4210165017"]}],"countries":["CA","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Surdu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Management, and Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","Earth Observation/Science, Applications and Future Technologies Department, European Space Agency (ESA), 00044 Frascati, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Management, and Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation/Science, Applications and Future Technologies Department, European Space Agency (ESA), 00044 Frascati, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069727604","display_name":"Claude Duguay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Duguay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Management, and Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Management, and Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041936120","display_name":"Homa Kheyrollah Pour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2631-0416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Homa Pour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Management, and Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Management, and Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060585410","display_name":"Laura C. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-8433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052882793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483","https://openalex.org/I4210165017"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8068,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83456889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"6133","last_page":"6159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6471843719482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryosphere","display_name":"Cryosphere","score":0.5894588232040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5397310256958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4981832504272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.47813498973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.43946871161460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4217313528060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38608670234680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.35848748683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.27806606888771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15121352672576904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6471843719482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.5894588232040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5397310256958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4981832504272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.47813498973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.43946871161460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4217313528060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38608670234680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.35848748683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.27806606888771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15121352672576904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70506133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70506133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/6133/pdf?version=1432626215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/92285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/92285","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/3e253f67-8d07-4dd4-895c-51426a64033b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055458","display_name":"TSpace","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:685d7bec49e74b13b8511a75523b5530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/685d7bec49e74b13b8511a75523b5530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 6133-6159 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/5/6133/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70506133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 7; Issue 5; Pages: 6133-6159","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70506133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70506133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/6133/pdf?version=1432626215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1104790288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RADARSAT-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334436","funder_display_name":"Canadian Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334436","display_name":"Canadian Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1gte98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1602123351.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1602123351.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W367380036","https://openalex.org/W576847442","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1532698284","https://openalex.org/W1544669495","https://openalex.org/W1571390739","https://openalex.org/W1966866972","https://openalex.org/W1967918053","https://openalex.org/W1978066790","https://openalex.org/W1984649725","https://openalex.org/W1988892664","https://openalex.org/W1993610800","https://openalex.org/W1998720178","https://openalex.org/W2004499250","https://openalex.org/W2007927350","https://openalex.org/W2014244352","https://openalex.org/W2028512024","https://openalex.org/W2032358839","https://openalex.org/W2035911774","https://openalex.org/W2038163825","https://openalex.org/W2040643865","https://openalex.org/W2045639696","https://openalex.org/W2046951864","https://openalex.org/W2051614664","https://openalex.org/W2056483786","https://openalex.org/W2063625370","https://openalex.org/W2078128886","https://openalex.org/W2078541383","https://openalex.org/W2083437800","https://openalex.org/W2092219399","https://openalex.org/W2095539212","https://openalex.org/W2100726154","https://openalex.org/W2111941937","https://openalex.org/W2112137471","https://openalex.org/W2135193705","https://openalex.org/W2139706108","https://openalex.org/W2148306782","https://openalex.org/W2155069722","https://openalex.org/W2160309824","https://openalex.org/W2161368352","https://openalex.org/W2223430424","https://openalex.org/W2730092484","https://openalex.org/W2760192484","https://openalex.org/W2924055038","https://openalex.org/W6980622524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W752721605","https://openalex.org/W2112423435","https://openalex.org/W3180033139","https://openalex.org/W4303673881","https://openalex.org/W2488011718","https://openalex.org/W4210536013","https://openalex.org/W3165702213","https://openalex.org/W4235381544","https://openalex.org/W4210749060","https://openalex.org/W4237602362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shallow":[0],"lakes,":[1],"with":[2,130,180,186],"depths":[3],"less":[4],"than":[5,255],"ca.":[6],"3.5\u20134":[7],"m,":[8],"are":[9],"a":[10,131,187],"ubiquitous":[11],"feature":[12],"of":[13,23,42,47,69,92,102,107,112,116,134,147,153,167,182,196,258,269,294],"the":[14,24,43,48,55,64,70,90,100,103,108,113,145,151,168,183,220,233,247,290],"Arctic":[15,296],"Alaskan":[16],"Coastal":[17],"Plain,":[18],"covering":[19],"up":[20],"to":[21,138,143,149,161,165,205,252,263],"40%":[22],"land":[25],"surface.":[26],"With":[27,72],"such":[28],"an":[29,39],"extended":[30],"areal":[31],"coverage,":[32],"lakes":[33,228],"and":[34,57,66,74,105,127,193,232,266,279],"their":[35],"ice":[36,49,109,292],"regimes":[37],"represent":[38],"important":[40],"component":[41],"cryosphere.":[44],"The":[45],"duration":[46],"season":[50],"has":[51],"major":[52],"implications":[53],"for":[54,63,98,200,224,282,288],"regional":[56],"local":[58],"climate,":[59],"as":[60,62],"well":[61],"physical":[65],"biogeochemical":[67],"processes":[68],"lakes.":[71,297],"day":[73,199],"night":[75],"observations":[76,158,192],"in":[77,246,256,267],"all":[78],"weather":[79],"conditions,":[80],"synthetic":[81],"aperture":[82],"radar":[83,93],"(SAR)":[84],"sensors":[85],"provide":[86],"year-round":[87],"acquisitions.":[88],"Monitoring":[89],"evolution":[91,115],"backscatter":[94],"(\u03c3\u00b0)":[95],"is":[96,229,237],"useful":[97],"detecting":[99],"timing":[101,152],"beginning":[104],"end":[106],"season.":[110],"Analysis":[111],"temporal":[114],"C-band":[117,286],"\u03c3\u00b0":[118],"from":[119,136,159,203],"Advanced":[120],"Synthetic":[121],"Aperture":[122],"Radar":[123],"(ASAR)":[124],"Wide":[125],"Swath":[126],"RADARSAT-2":[128],"ScanSAR,":[129],"combined":[132],"frequency":[133],"acquisitions":[135],"two":[137],"five":[139],"days,":[140],"was":[141],"employed":[142],"evaluate":[144],"potential":[146],"SAR":[148,157,184,191,216,287],"detect":[150],"key":[154],"lake-ice":[155],"events.":[156],"2005":[160],"2011":[162],"were":[163,214],"compared":[164],"outputs":[166],"Canadian":[169],"Lake":[170],"Ice":[171],"Model":[172,174],"(CLIMo).":[173],"simulations":[175,195],"fall":[176],"within":[177],"similar":[178],"ranges":[179],"those":[181],"observations,":[185],"mean":[188,212,221,234,248],"difference":[189],"between":[190],"model":[194],"only":[197],"one":[198],"water-clear-of-ice":[201],"(WCI)":[202],"2006":[204],"2010.":[206],"For":[207],"freeze":[208],"onset":[209,260],"(FO),":[210],"larger":[211],"differences":[213],"observed.":[215],"analysis":[217],"shows":[218],"that":[219,242,257,268],"FO":[222,249],"date":[223,236,250],"these":[225],"shallow":[226,295],"coastal":[227],"30":[230],"September":[231],"WCI":[235,270],"5":[238],"July.":[239],"Results":[240],"reveal":[241],"greater":[243],"variability":[244],"existed":[245],"(up":[251,262],"26":[253],"days)":[254,265],"melt":[259],"(MO)":[261],"12":[264],"(6":[271],"days).":[272],"Additionally,":[273],"this":[274],"study":[275],"also":[276],"identifies":[277],"limitations":[278],"provides":[280],"recommendations":[281],"future":[283],"work":[284],"using":[285],"monitoring":[289],"lake-":[291],"phenology":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
