{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131432389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032601","title":"Retrieval of Gap Fraction and Effective Plant Area Index from Phase-Shift Terrestrial Laser Scans","display_name":"Retrieval of Gap Fraction and Effective Plant Area Index from Phase-Shift Terrestrial Laser Scans","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131432389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032601","mag":"2131432389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6032601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/3/2601/pdf?version=1403136765","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/3/2601/pdf?version=1403136765","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065166243","display_name":"Pyare Pueschel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pyare Pueschel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030478560","display_name":"Glenn Newnham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-1258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161554","display_name":"CSIRO Land and Water","ror":"https://ror.org/057xz1h85","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210161554","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn Newnham","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085194068","display_name":"Joachim Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-7401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065166243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1841,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86446395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"2601","last_page":"2627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5708332657814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.537498950958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5192815661430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.516802191734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.48773321509361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.47209423780441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.45787590742111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44377627968788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.4318326711654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38430655002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22073590755462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19282656908035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13622501492500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.0920184850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07433390617370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.07280680537223816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5708332657814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.537498950958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5192815661430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.516802191734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.48773321509361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.47209423780441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.45787590742111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44377627968788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4318326711654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38430655002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22073590755462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19282656908035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13622501492500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0920184850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07433390617370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.07280680537223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6032601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/3/2601/pdf?version=1403136765","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06fc60ec5bd745de80b9ddd183ffcc74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06fc60ec5bd745de80b9ddd183ffcc74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 2601-2627 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/6/3/2601/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6032601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6032601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/3/2601/pdf?version=1403136765","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131432389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131432389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8992155","https://openalex.org/W577014976","https://openalex.org/W1481072414","https://openalex.org/W1546844953","https://openalex.org/W1963641565","https://openalex.org/W1965049418","https://openalex.org/W1965722011","https://openalex.org/W1966474697","https://openalex.org/W1969434292","https://openalex.org/W1971116548","https://openalex.org/W1971449741","https://openalex.org/W1976624114","https://openalex.org/W1977301896","https://openalex.org/W1977940988","https://openalex.org/W1987610258","https://openalex.org/W2009517297","https://openalex.org/W2012301523","https://openalex.org/W2014431247","https://openalex.org/W2016929002","https://openalex.org/W2019917126","https://openalex.org/W2030364282","https://openalex.org/W2030939714","https://openalex.org/W2035865758","https://openalex.org/W2036852440","https://openalex.org/W2038617433","https://openalex.org/W2052632539","https://openalex.org/W2062883956","https://openalex.org/W2063078821","https://openalex.org/W2066709404","https://openalex.org/W2071454092","https://openalex.org/W2071635229","https://openalex.org/W2102228204","https://openalex.org/W2107157624","https://openalex.org/W2115322030","https://openalex.org/W2125747590","https://openalex.org/W2136484310","https://openalex.org/W2140041315","https://openalex.org/W2140310494","https://openalex.org/W2146525372","https://openalex.org/W2151647593","https://openalex.org/W2152424523","https://openalex.org/W2157096137","https://openalex.org/W2162033749","https://openalex.org/W2165400776","https://openalex.org/W2167248655","https://openalex.org/W2518925883","https://openalex.org/W2726800405","https://openalex.org/W6684516757","https://openalex.org/W6989354073","https://openalex.org/W7007813637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383117943","https://openalex.org/W2347729776","https://openalex.org/W2081457971","https://openalex.org/W2028659695","https://openalex.org/W2377212262","https://openalex.org/W4327748155","https://openalex.org/W2955967599","https://openalex.org/W2549050738","https://openalex.org/W4387208895","https://openalex.org/W2388815296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"characterization":[1],"of":[2,43,46,54,65,75],"canopy":[3,17],"structure":[4,18],"is":[5,57],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,15],"modeling":[8],"eco-physiological":[9],"processes.":[10],"Two":[11],"commonly":[12],"used":[13],"metrics":[14,56],"characterizing":[16],"are":[19],"the":[20,24,44,47,52,63,73],"gap":[21,76,94,132],"fraction":[22,77,133],"and":[23,69,78,96,109,124,134,145],"effective":[25],"Plant":[26],"Area":[27,113],"Index":[28,114],"(PAIe).":[29],"Both":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"successfully":[33],"retrieved":[34],"with":[35],"terrestrial":[36],"laser":[37,48,85],"scanning.":[38],"However,":[39],"a":[40],"systematic":[41],"assessment":[42],"influence":[45],"scan":[49,155],"properties":[50],"on":[51,72,104,118,139,153],"retrieval":[53,74],"these":[55],"still":[58],"lacking.":[59],"This":[60],"study":[61],"investigated":[62],"effects":[64],"resolution,":[66],"measurement":[67,125],"speed,":[68],"noise":[70,91,107,159],"compression":[71,92,108,160],"PAIe":[79,97,150],"from":[80,101],"phase-shift":[81],"FARO":[82],"Photon":[83],"120":[84],"scans.":[86],"We":[87],"demonstrate":[88],"that":[89,98],"FARO\u2019s":[90],"yields":[93],"fractions":[95],"deviate":[99],"significantly":[100],"those":[102],"based":[103,117,152],"scans":[105],"without":[106,158],"strongly":[110],"overestimate":[111],"Leaf":[112],"(LAI)":[115],"estimates":[116,151],"litter":[119],"trap":[120],"measurements.":[121],"Scan":[122],"resolution":[123],"speed":[126],"were":[127],"also":[128],"shown":[129],"to":[130,162],"impact":[131],"PAIe,":[135],"but":[136],"this":[137],"depended":[138],"leaf":[140],"development":[141],"phase,":[142],"stand":[143],"structure,":[144],"LAI":[146],"calculation":[147],"method.":[148],"Nevertheless,":[149],"various":[154],"parameter":[156],"combinations":[157],"proved":[161],"be":[163],"quite":[164],"stable.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}