{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405704104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244800","title":"Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System for Earth Observation: Recent Developments and New Progress","display_name":"Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System for Earth Observation: Recent Developments and New Progress","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405704104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244800","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4800/pdf?version=1734948845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4800/pdf?version=1734948845","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052926185","display_name":"Shuanggen Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanggen Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069840012","display_name":"Xuyang Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuyang Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089164670","display_name":"Gino Dardanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-0676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gino Dardanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101066133","display_name":"Yunlong Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089164670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":15.1233,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9856211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"24","first_page":"4800","last_page":"4800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9174418449401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6190519332885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5679457187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5226216912269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5219111442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.46257665753364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.4529822766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.42533808946609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.4230250120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glonass","display_name":"GLONASS","score":0.4214285910129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.4159781038761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3655841052532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.30883359909057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10488077998161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10358938574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06995311379432678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9174418449401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6190519332885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5679457187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5226216912269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5219111442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.46257665753364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.4529822766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.42533808946609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4230250120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102451475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486250","display_name":"GLONASS","level":4,"score":0.4214285910129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.4159781038761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3655841052532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30883359909057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10488077998161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10358938574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06995311379432678}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244800","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4800/pdf?version=1734948845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c707e25ab01847e8a08a075a3187c07b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c707e25ab01847e8a08a075a3187c07b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 24, p 4800 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/667087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387327964_Multi-Global_Navigation_Satellite_System_for_Earth_Observation_Recent_Developments_and_New_Progress","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196289","display_name":"IRIS UniPA (University of Palermo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","host_organization_name":"University of Palermo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244800","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4800/pdf?version=1734948845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6429699653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12073012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405704104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405704104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491496811","https://openalex.org/W1658490829","https://openalex.org/W1989650393","https://openalex.org/W2020030234","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2076953571","https://openalex.org/W2084389047","https://openalex.org/W2113454568","https://openalex.org/W2290789973","https://openalex.org/W2405435672","https://openalex.org/W2486478291","https://openalex.org/W2775741773","https://openalex.org/W2802482878","https://openalex.org/W2803212219","https://openalex.org/W2832056959","https://openalex.org/W2883299834","https://openalex.org/W2985223661","https://openalex.org/W3017074948","https://openalex.org/W3047488320","https://openalex.org/W3114152512","https://openalex.org/W3119070261","https://openalex.org/W3137819400","https://openalex.org/W3145203066","https://openalex.org/W3156919793","https://openalex.org/W3211738991","https://openalex.org/W4220835579","https://openalex.org/W4288042734","https://openalex.org/W4288059661","https://openalex.org/W4291916147","https://openalex.org/W4296445823","https://openalex.org/W4297348368","https://openalex.org/W4320494494","https://openalex.org/W4364360006","https://openalex.org/W4380877744","https://openalex.org/W4383904554","https://openalex.org/W4385075753","https://openalex.org/W4385873601","https://openalex.org/W4386484404","https://openalex.org/W4386895021","https://openalex.org/W4387772150","https://openalex.org/W4387780254","https://openalex.org/W4387843682","https://openalex.org/W4388425729","https://openalex.org/W4388639220","https://openalex.org/W4388899768","https://openalex.org/W4389104899","https://openalex.org/W4390235727","https://openalex.org/W4390980320","https://openalex.org/W4391131194","https://openalex.org/W4391931701","https://openalex.org/W4392287761","https://openalex.org/W4393253401","https://openalex.org/W4393281782","https://openalex.org/W4394683772","https://openalex.org/W4394931908","https://openalex.org/W4399031379","https://openalex.org/W4399829598","https://openalex.org/W4399999612","https://openalex.org/W4401628822","https://openalex.org/W4402169508","https://openalex.org/W4402302446","https://openalex.org/W4402371595","https://openalex.org/W6696816434","https://openalex.org/W6788245971","https://openalex.org/W6791876720","https://openalex.org/W6803549532","https://openalex.org/W6841140724","https://openalex.org/W6872621978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392133152","https://openalex.org/W2529543626","https://openalex.org/W2945134715","https://openalex.org/W2357674274","https://openalex.org/W4327782401","https://openalex.org/W3117879881","https://openalex.org/W2389403451","https://openalex.org/W2296074696","https://openalex.org/W4233201170","https://openalex.org/W2792663119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2,22],"Satellite":[3,23],"System":[4,24],"(GNSS)":[5],"has":[6,233],"made":[7],"important":[8],"progress":[9,83],"in":[10,46,86,144],"Earth":[11,87,99,239],"observation":[12,88,240],"and":[13,38,49,56,65,80,91,103,108,113,119,121,142,148,177,213,250,284],"applications.":[14,123],"With":[15],"the":[16,20,62,77,94,126,145,186,220,223,230],"successful":[17],"design":[18],"of":[19,84,96,133],"BeiDou":[21],"(BDS),":[25],"four":[26],"global":[27],"navigation":[28,102,249],"satellite":[29],"systems":[30,41],"are":[31,89],"available":[32],"worldwide,":[33],"together":[34],"with":[35,67,152,185,193,198,241],"Galileo,":[36],"GLONASS,":[37],"GPS.":[39],"These":[40],"have":[42],"been":[43],"widely":[44],"employed":[45],"positioning,":[47,248],"navigation,":[48,273],"timing":[50,251],"(PNT).":[51],"Furthermore,":[52,210],"GNSS":[53,101,110,117,226,232],"refraction,":[54],"reflection,":[55],"scattering":[57],"signals":[58],"can":[59],"remotely":[60],"sense":[61],"Earth\u2019s":[63],"surface":[64],"atmosphere":[66],"powerful":[68,242],"implications":[69],"for":[70,98,246,255],"environmental":[71],"remote":[72,257],"sensing.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"recent":[78],"developments":[79],"new":[81],"application":[82],"multi-GNSS":[85],"presented":[90],"reviewed,":[92],"including":[93],"methods":[95],"BDS/GNSS":[97],"observations,":[100],"positioning":[104],"performance":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"GNSS-PPP":[107],"GNSS-NRTK),":[109],"ionospheric":[111,164,174],"modelling":[112],"space":[114],"weather":[115],"monitoring,":[116],"meteorology,":[118],"GNSS-reflectometry":[120,221],"its":[122,214,277],"For":[124],"instance,":[125],"static":[127],"Precise":[128],"Point":[129],"Positioning":[130],"(PPP)":[131],"precision":[132],"most":[134],"MGEX":[135],"stations":[136],"was":[137,166,180,196],"improved":[138],"by":[139,182,218],"35.1%,":[140],"18.7%,":[141],"8.7%":[143],"east,":[146],"north,":[147],"upward":[149],"directions,":[150],"respectively,":[151],"PPP":[153],"ambiguity":[154],"resolution":[155],"(AR)":[156],"based":[157,203],"on":[158,204],"factor":[159],"graph":[160],"optimization.":[161],"A":[162],"two-layer":[163],"model":[165,175],"constructed":[167],"using":[168],"IGS":[169],"station":[170],"data":[171,202],"through":[172],"three-dimensional":[173],"constraints":[176],"TEC":[178],"accuracy":[179,195],"increased":[181],"about":[183],"20\u201327%":[184],"GIM":[187],"model.":[188],"Ten-minute":[189],"water":[190,265],"level":[191,266],"change":[192],"centimeter-level":[194],"estimated":[197],"ground-based":[199],"multiple":[200],"GNSS-R":[201],"a":[205,211,235],"weighted":[206],"iterative":[207],"least-squares":[208],"method.":[209],"cyclone":[212],"positions":[215],"were":[216],"detected":[217],"utilizing":[219],"from":[222],"space-borne":[224],"Cyclone":[225],"(CYGNSS)":[227],"mission.":[228],"Over":[229],"years,":[231],"become":[234],"dominant":[236],"technology":[237],"among":[238],"applications,":[243],"not":[244],"only":[245],"conventional":[247],"techniques,":[252],"but":[253],"also":[254],"integrated":[256],"sensing":[258],"solutions,":[259],"such":[260],"as":[261],"monitoring":[262],"typhoons,":[263],"river":[264],"changes,":[267],"geological":[268],"geohazard":[269],"warnings,":[270],"low-altitude":[271],"UAV":[272],"etc.,":[274],"due":[275],"to":[276],"high":[278],"performance,":[279],"low":[280],"cost,":[281],"all":[282,285],"time":[283],"weather.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
