{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404501452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224305","title":"ME-FCN: A Multi-Scale Feature-Enhanced Fully Convolutional Network for Building Footprint Extraction","display_name":"ME-FCN: A Multi-Scale Feature-Enhanced Fully Convolutional Network for Building Footprint Extraction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404501452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4305/pdf?version=1731990685","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4305/pdf?version=1731990685","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040357722","display_name":"Hui Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010802945","display_name":"Y. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoteng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057842914","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-1062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769347","display_name":"Shiqing Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074514063","display_name":"Mingming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-9863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037464371","display_name":"Muhammad Yasir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-3224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266404, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057842914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70094435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"4305","last_page":"4305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.6477442383766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6050410866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5154843926429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.47773000597953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37074118852615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.351095974445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16139793395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11231327056884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07237574458122253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.6477442383766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6050410866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5154843926429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.47773000597953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37074118852615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.351095974445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16139793395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11231327056884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07237574458122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4305/pdf?version=1731990685","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ca54074ac6e467e825c10a7ff12df9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ca54074ac6e467e825c10a7ff12df9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 22, p 4305 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4305/pdf?version=1731990685","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2969821179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24CX06022A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6882295000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41776182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404501452.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404501452.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1964167192","https://openalex.org/W1974526806","https://openalex.org/W2066626129","https://openalex.org/W2131438174","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2776462702","https://openalex.org/W2780708736","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2795635230","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2897593716","https://openalex.org/W2899869235","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2916172883","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2934268922","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2991441757","https://openalex.org/W2992027343","https://openalex.org/W2996290406","https://openalex.org/W3005145900","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3014060899","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3025800305","https://openalex.org/W3027299578","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3053564872","https://openalex.org/W3161825146","https://openalex.org/W3183174367","https://openalex.org/W3211053809","https://openalex.org/W3215100961","https://openalex.org/W4213172700","https://openalex.org/W4224055292","https://openalex.org/W4283450732","https://openalex.org/W4286373468","https://openalex.org/W4294811333","https://openalex.org/W4313827922","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4386634500","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4402497193","https://openalex.org/W4402509904","https://openalex.org/W6641152819","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6795755827","https://openalex.org/W6798387234","https://openalex.org/W6803652275","https://openalex.org/W6804170360","https://openalex.org/W6808691509","https://openalex.org/W6840142296","https://openalex.org/W6871483065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368534554","https://openalex.org/W2148469257","https://openalex.org/W2999244305","https://openalex.org/W2330537534","https://openalex.org/W2168827721","https://openalex.org/W2094506573","https://openalex.org/W2031194604","https://openalex.org/W4249517016","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"precise":[1],"extraction":[2],"of":[3,25,72,143],"building":[4,26,37,74],"footprints":[5,38,75],"using":[6],"remote":[7,41,78],"sensing":[8,42,79],"technology":[9],"is":[10],"increasingly":[11],"critical":[12],"for":[13],"urban":[14],"planning":[15],"and":[16,30,34,63,97,154,160,165,172],"development":[17],"amid":[18],"growing":[19],"urbanization.":[20],"However,":[21],"considering":[22],"the":[23,70,105,141,169],"complexity":[24],"backgrounds,":[27],"diverse":[28],"scales,":[29],"varied":[31],"appearances,":[32],"accurately":[33],"efficiently":[35],"extracting":[36,73],"from":[39,76],"various":[40],"images":[43],"remains":[44],"a":[45,53,83,131],"significant":[46],"challenge.":[47],"In":[48,104],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,109,129],"propose":[52],"novel":[54,132],"network":[55],"architecture":[56],"called":[57],"ME-FCN,":[58],"specifically":[59],"designed":[60],"to":[61,67,101,138],"perceive":[62],"optimize":[64,102],"multi-scale":[65,89,148,162],"features":[66,150],"effectively":[68],"address":[69],"challenge":[71],"complex":[77],"images.":[80],"We":[81],"introduce":[82],"Squeeze-and-Excitation":[84],"U-Block":[85],"(SEUB),":[86],"which":[87,118],"cascades":[88],"semantic":[90,149],"information":[91,123],"exploration":[92],"in":[93],"shallow":[94],"feature":[95,114,163],"maps":[96],"incorporates":[98],"channel":[99,153],"attention":[100],"features.":[103,145],"network\u2019s":[106],"deeper":[107],"layers,":[108],"implement":[110],"an":[111],"Adaptive":[112],"Multi-scale":[113,134],"Enhancement":[115],"Block":[116],"(AMEB),":[117],"captures":[119,147],"large":[120],"receptive":[121],"field":[122],"through":[124],"concatenated":[125],"atrous":[126],"convolutions.":[127],"Additionally,":[128],"develop":[130],"Dual":[133],"Attention":[135],"(DMSA)":[136],"mechanism":[137],"further":[139],"enhance":[140],"accuracy":[142,171],"cascaded":[144],"DMSA":[146],"across":[151],"both":[152],"spatial":[155],"dimensions,":[156],"suppresses":[157],"redundant":[158],"information,":[159],"realizes":[161],"interaction":[164],"fusion,":[166],"thereby":[167],"improving":[168],"overall":[170],"efficiency.":[173],"Comprehensive":[174],"experiments":[175],"on":[176],"three":[177],"datasets":[178],"demonstrate":[179],"that":[180],"ME-FCN":[181],"outperforms":[182],"mainstream":[183],"segmentation":[184],"methods.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}