{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404501557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224291","title":"The Ground-Penetrating Radar Image Matching Method Based on Central Dense Structure Context Features","display_name":"The Ground-Penetrating Radar Image Matching Method Based on Central Dense Structure Context Features","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404501557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224291","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100520771","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3437-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081748181","display_name":"Qifeng Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qifeng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101985363","display_name":"Dongyan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-0032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001188076","display_name":"Xinchun Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8004-6968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchun Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065333721","display_name":"Ge Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638444","display_name":"Hong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-6913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081748181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78907778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"4291","last_page":"4291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6135099530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5785490870475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.440130352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43478891253471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4014779031276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3213876187801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.053821414709091187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6135099530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5785490870475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.440130352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43478891253471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4014779031276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3213876187801361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.053821414709091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df071e83e7c94e8abec103686c2b99b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df071e83e7c94e8abec103686c2b99b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 22, p 4291 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594275308","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2770866044","https://openalex.org/W2910489334","https://openalex.org/W3007110614","https://openalex.org/W3011156601","https://openalex.org/W3029679819","https://openalex.org/W3103406720","https://openalex.org/W3116121953","https://openalex.org/W3117896188","https://openalex.org/W3130618976","https://openalex.org/W3142353913","https://openalex.org/W3143263092","https://openalex.org/W3217619902","https://openalex.org/W4205827577","https://openalex.org/W4225585096","https://openalex.org/W4383552537","https://openalex.org/W4388077702","https://openalex.org/W4391164316","https://openalex.org/W6788222614","https://openalex.org/W6860864625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subsurface":[0],"structural":[1],"distribution":[2,11],"can":[3,12,37],"be":[4,13,38],"detected":[5],"using":[6],"Ground-Penetrating":[7],"Radar":[8],"(GPR).":[9],"The":[10,111,155,218],"considered":[14],"as":[15,64,104,160],"road":[16,267],"fingerprints":[17],"for":[18,29,187,201],"vehicle":[19,36],"positioning.":[20],"Similar":[21],"to":[22,54,78,120,143,172,245],"the":[23,31,35,114,122,144,161,164,174,181,189,193,202,246],"principle":[24],"of":[25,34,124,235],"visual":[26,70,253],"image":[27,71,80,92,126,191,195,212,254],"matching":[28,41,93,204,213,255],"localization,":[30],"position":[32],"coordinates":[33],"calculated":[39,197],"by":[40,261],"real-time":[42,190],"GPR":[43,48,51,79,91,118,125,145,175,211],"images":[44,119],"with":[45],"pre-constructed":[46],"reference":[47,194],"images.":[49],"However,":[50],"images,":[52],"due":[53],"their":[55],"low":[56],"resolution,":[57],"cannot":[58],"extract":[59],"well-defined":[60],"geometric":[61],"features":[62],"such":[63],"corners":[65],"and":[66,94,139,150,163,192,207,214,229,239,263,268],"lines.":[67],"Thus,":[68],"traditional":[69,247],"processing":[72],"algorithms":[73],"perform":[74],"inadequately":[75],"when":[76],"applied":[77],"matching.":[81,127],"To":[82],"address":[83],"this":[84,86],"issue,":[85],"paper":[87],"innovatively":[88],"proposes":[89],"a":[90,99,129],"localization":[95,215,233,257],"method":[96],"based":[97,179],"on":[98,180,223],"novel":[100],"feature":[101,131,176,182,185],"descriptor,":[102],"termed":[103],"central":[105],"dense":[106],"structure":[107],"context":[108,171],"(CDSC)":[109],"features.":[110],"algorithm":[112,220],"utilizes":[113],"strip-like":[115,148,166],"elements":[116,149,167],"in":[117,170,265],"improve":[121],"accuracy":[123],"First,":[128],"CDSC":[130],"descriptor":[132],"is":[133],"designed.":[134],"By":[135,199],"applying":[136],"threshold":[137],"segmentation":[138],"extremum":[140],"point":[141,205],"extraction":[142],"image,":[146],"stratified":[147],"pseudo-corner":[151,156],"points":[152,157],"are":[153,158,168,196,216],"obtained.":[154],"treated":[159],"centers,":[162],"surrounding":[165],"described":[169],"form":[173],"descriptors.":[177],"Then,":[178],"description":[183],"method,":[184],"descriptors":[186],"both":[188],"separately.":[198],"searching":[200],"nearest":[203],"pairs":[206],"removing":[208],"erroneous":[209],"pairs,":[210],"achieved.":[217],"proposed":[219],"was":[221],"evaluated":[222],"datasets":[224],"collected":[225],"from":[226],"urban":[227,266],"roads":[228],"railway":[230,269],"tracks,":[231],"achieving":[232],"errors":[234,258],"0.06":[236],"m":[237,241],"(RMSE)":[238],"1.22":[240],"(RMSE),":[242],"respectively.":[243,272],"Compared":[244],"Speeded":[248],"Up":[249],"Robust":[250],"Features":[251],"(SURF)":[252],"algorithm,":[256],"were":[259],"reduced":[260],"86.6%":[262],"95.7%":[264],"track":[270],"scenarios,":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
