{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404501836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224278","title":"Reawakening of Voragine, the Oldest of Etna\u2019s Summit Craters: Insights from a Recurrent Episodic Eruptive Behavior","display_name":"Reawakening of Voragine, the Oldest of Etna\u2019s Summit Craters: Insights from a Recurrent Episodic Eruptive Behavior","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404501836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224278","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4278/pdf?version=1731823560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4278/pdf?version=1731823560","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004518629","display_name":"Sonia Calvari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8189-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29078338","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Calvari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo\u2014Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo\u2014Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081929862","display_name":"G. Nunnari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-3174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Nunnari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95122 Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95122 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004518629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.0261,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95993081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"4278","last_page":"4278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summit","display_name":"Summit","score":0.8261151313781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-crater","display_name":"Impact crater","score":0.6051509380340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5776275396347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.33981460332870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24732714891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.2070612609386444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778848561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207326","display_name":"Summit","level":2,"score":0.8261151313781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179537507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55818","display_name":"Impact crater","level":2,"score":0.6051509380340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5776275396347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.33981460332870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24732714891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.2070612609386444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224278","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4278/pdf?version=1731823560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06e7a54f0a1b462186e5a2205b09409b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06e7a54f0a1b462186e5a2205b09409b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 22, p 4278 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224278","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4278/pdf?version=1731823560","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404501836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404501836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W311144421","https://openalex.org/W1510636289","https://openalex.org/W1583458610","https://openalex.org/W1974958746","https://openalex.org/W1975195014","https://openalex.org/W1982721546","https://openalex.org/W1986666020","https://openalex.org/W1987126675","https://openalex.org/W1988430460","https://openalex.org/W2006660256","https://openalex.org/W2015948706","https://openalex.org/W2030858163","https://openalex.org/W2031787723","https://openalex.org/W2041344594","https://openalex.org/W2042742770","https://openalex.org/W2045676564","https://openalex.org/W2057641510","https://openalex.org/W2058667938","https://openalex.org/W2064568067","https://openalex.org/W2065507721","https://openalex.org/W2069978959","https://openalex.org/W2074596217","https://openalex.org/W2076685268","https://openalex.org/W2079525935","https://openalex.org/W2086098799","https://openalex.org/W2094771080","https://openalex.org/W2100846239","https://openalex.org/W2148864469","https://openalex.org/W2162335076","https://openalex.org/W2292531292","https://openalex.org/W2560604512","https://openalex.org/W2730209809","https://openalex.org/W2736565362","https://openalex.org/W2740631487","https://openalex.org/W2748646413","https://openalex.org/W2782461997","https://openalex.org/W2886124089","https://openalex.org/W2904173271","https://openalex.org/W2904842434","https://openalex.org/W2942756136","https://openalex.org/W2996563800","https://openalex.org/W3092424805","https://openalex.org/W3108105985","https://openalex.org/W3108555741","https://openalex.org/W3163599186","https://openalex.org/W4280495621","https://openalex.org/W4292260707","https://openalex.org/W4292559888","https://openalex.org/W4311724713","https://openalex.org/W4313361992","https://openalex.org/W4317716417","https://openalex.org/W4319597390","https://openalex.org/W4386695827","https://openalex.org/W6652028353","https://openalex.org/W6662088751","https://openalex.org/W6664842658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2625809971","https://openalex.org/W1663847441","https://openalex.org/W1982074779","https://openalex.org/W2768493687","https://openalex.org/W2170886505","https://openalex.org/W3203904831","https://openalex.org/W4241376597","https://openalex.org/W1969484083","https://openalex.org/W2743845306","https://openalex.org/W2792375831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Paroxysmal":[0],"explosive":[1,64,91,162,208],"activity":[2],"at":[3,225],"Etna":[4,54],"volcano":[5,55],"(Italy)":[6],"has":[7,182],"become":[8],"quite":[9],"frequent":[10],"over":[11],"the":[12,19,29,45,50,67,74,89,109,114,135,139,150,158,161,175,178,194,214,232],"last":[13,195],"three":[14],"decades,":[15],"raising":[16],"concerns":[17],"with":[18,88,193],"civil":[20],"protection":[21],"authorities":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,58,132,148,174],"its":[25],"significant":[26],"impact":[27],"on":[28,157,227],"local":[30,51],"population,":[31],"infrastructures,":[32],"viability":[33],"and":[34,40,76,83,97,124,153],"air":[35],"traffic.":[36],"Between":[37],"4":[38],"July":[39],"15":[41],"August":[42],"2024,":[43,230],"during":[44],"tourist":[46],"season":[47],"peak":[48],"when":[49],"population":[52],"doubles,":[53],"gave":[56],"rise":[57],"a":[59,183],"sequence":[60],"of":[61,78,138,160,185,234],"six":[62,140],"paroxysmal":[63,197,209,222],"events":[65,210],"from":[66],"summit":[68,81],"crater":[69],"named":[70],"Voragine.":[71],"This":[72],"is":[73,200,217],"oldest":[75],"largest":[77],"Etna\u2019s":[79],"four":[80],"craters":[82],"normally":[84],"only":[85],"produces":[86],"degassing,":[87],"previous":[90],"sequences":[92,163],"occurring":[93],"in":[94,130,213],"December":[95],"2015":[96],"May":[98],"2016.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101,235],"paper,":[102,236],"we":[103],"use":[104],"thermal":[105],"images":[106],"recorded":[107],"by":[108,113],"monitoring":[110],"system":[111],"maintained":[112],"Istituto":[115],"Nazionale":[116],"di":[117],"Geofisica":[118],"e":[119],"Vulcanologia,":[120],"Osservatorio":[121],"Etneo":[122],"(INGV\u2013OE),":[123],"an":[125,220],"automatic":[126],"procedure":[127],"previously":[128],"tested":[129],"order":[131],"automatically":[133],"define":[134],"eruptive":[136,151],"parameters":[137],"lava":[141],"fountain":[142],"episodes.":[143],"These":[144],"data":[145],"allowed":[146],"us":[147],"infer":[149],"processes":[152],"gain":[154],"some":[155],"insights":[156],"evolution":[159],"that":[164,177,203,219],"are":[165],"useful":[166],"for":[167],"hazard":[168],"assessment.":[169],"Specifically,":[170],"our":[171,239],"results":[172],"lead":[173],"hypothesis":[176],"Voragine":[179,226],"shallow":[180],"storage":[181],"capacity":[184],"~12\u201315":[186],"Mm3,":[187],"which":[188],"was":[189],"not":[190],"completely":[191],"emptied":[192],"two":[196,206],"events.":[198],"It":[199,216],"thus":[201,237],"possible":[202],"one":[204],"or":[205],"additional":[207,221],"could":[211],"occur":[212],"future.":[215],"noteworthy":[218],"episode":[223],"occurred":[224],"10":[228],"November":[229],"after":[231],"submission":[233],"confirming":[238],"hypothesis.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
