{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403938813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214073","title":"Cross Attention-Based Multi-Scale Convolutional Fusion Network for Hyperspectral and LiDAR Joint Classification","display_name":"Cross Attention-Based Multi-Scale Convolutional Fusion Network for Hyperspectral and LiDAR Joint Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403938813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214073","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049569750","display_name":"Haimiao Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haimiao Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636411","display_name":"Liguo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-6233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liguo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005478327","display_name":"Haizhu Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-8949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhu Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988116","display_name":"Yanzhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6731-2960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103084870","display_name":"Cheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-2211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110008675","display_name":"Dan Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022179972","display_name":"Huiyu Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100636411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.7758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94049065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"4073","last_page":"4073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8710797429084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7810735702514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6143069863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5972415804862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5530298352241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.543351948261261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47840437293052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.46539437770843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4335682988166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08671993017196655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8710797429084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7810735702514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6143069863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5972415804862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5530298352241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.543351948261261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47840437293052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.46539437770843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4335682988166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08671993017196655}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:334e915ff1df4a618a3eb0923c915b5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/334e915ff1df4a618a3eb0923c915b5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 21, p 4073 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4245732032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2023F050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6607973108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2023F050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6893366464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"145309208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7424700364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497089125","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2549994478","https://openalex.org/W2565258258","https://openalex.org/W2605646105","https://openalex.org/W2606929568","https://openalex.org/W2609880332","https://openalex.org/W2623518586","https://openalex.org/W2771666798","https://openalex.org/W2789027062","https://openalex.org/W2796684832","https://openalex.org/W2897452159","https://openalex.org/W2908968031","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2970987838","https://openalex.org/W2992027343","https://openalex.org/W3004968762","https://openalex.org/W3016244469","https://openalex.org/W3023351371","https://openalex.org/W3038817281","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3094484482","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105997607","https://openalex.org/W3122585499","https://openalex.org/W3179685412","https://openalex.org/W3198928418","https://openalex.org/W3213437176","https://openalex.org/W4200068923","https://openalex.org/W4205424174","https://openalex.org/W4206578920","https://openalex.org/W4210392637","https://openalex.org/W4210516172","https://openalex.org/W4211198594","https://openalex.org/W4214664134","https://openalex.org/W4224211678","https://openalex.org/W4229058281","https://openalex.org/W4229376514","https://openalex.org/W4236714952","https://openalex.org/W4285066542","https://openalex.org/W4285195596","https://openalex.org/W4285273674","https://openalex.org/W4286628814","https://openalex.org/W4293243072","https://openalex.org/W4294068665","https://openalex.org/W4309738721","https://openalex.org/W4312465065","https://openalex.org/W4312865898","https://openalex.org/W4315568068","https://openalex.org/W4317738558","https://openalex.org/W4320713308","https://openalex.org/W4322503239","https://openalex.org/W4366504169","https://openalex.org/W4378082492","https://openalex.org/W4380078700","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4382927953","https://openalex.org/W4383117841","https://openalex.org/W4385069590","https://openalex.org/W4386432259","https://openalex.org/W4386905860","https://openalex.org/W4387789827","https://openalex.org/W4388505065","https://openalex.org/W4390232172","https://openalex.org/W4390659044","https://openalex.org/W4392578770","https://openalex.org/W4392719398","https://openalex.org/W4392817973","https://openalex.org/W4395017283","https://openalex.org/W4396830084","https://openalex.org/W4396909904","https://openalex.org/W4400810737","https://openalex.org/W4404057074","https://openalex.org/W6806645916","https://openalex.org/W6809089428","https://openalex.org/W6811008586","https://openalex.org/W6847441247","https://openalex.org/W6848119668","https://openalex.org/W6851939673","https://openalex.org/W6853663270","https://openalex.org/W6854051904","https://openalex.org/W6856732451","https://openalex.org/W6860491416","https://openalex.org/W6864413048","https://openalex.org/W6870148693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W3034375524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,78,113,158,183],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"deep":[3,73],"learning-based":[4],"multi-source":[5,66],"data":[6,18,58],"fusion,":[7,19],"e.g.,":[8],"hyperspectral":[9],"image":[10],"(HSI)":[11],"and":[12,15,50,54,110,127,132,140,150,171,178,190],"light":[13],"detection":[14],"ranging":[16],"(LiDAR)":[17],"has":[20],"gained":[21],"significant":[22],"attention":[23,106,165],"in":[24,134,155,221],"the":[25,31,52,61,72,114,156,159,175,184,197,202,215,218],"field":[26],"of":[27,42,64,174,217],"remote":[28],"sensing.":[29],"However,":[30],"traditional":[32],"convolutional":[33,87,100,118],"neural":[34],"network":[35,89,220],"fusion":[36,88,107],"techniques":[37,152],"always":[38],"provide":[39],"poor":[40],"extraction":[41,102],"discriminative":[43],"spatial\u2013spectral":[44],"features":[45,124],"from":[46,125],"diversified":[47,135],"land":[48,136],"covers":[49],"overlook":[51],"correlation":[53],"complementarity":[55],"between":[56],"different":[57],"sources.":[59],"Furthermore,":[60],"mere":[62],"act":[63],"stacking":[65],"feature":[67,101,176],"embeddings":[68,177],"fails":[69],"to":[70,122,129,169,195,201],"represent":[71],"semantic":[74,181,199],"relationships":[75,173],"among":[76],"them.":[77],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"a":[83,161],"cross":[84,105,164],"attention-based":[85],"multi-scale":[86,117],"for":[90],"HSI-LiDAR":[91,212],"joint":[92,180],"classification.":[93],"It":[94],"contains":[95],"three":[96,210],"major":[97],"modules:":[98],"spatial\u2013elevation\u2013spectral":[99],"module":[103,108],"(SESM),":[104],"(CAFM),":[109],"classification":[111,185,204],"module.":[112,157],"SESM,":[115],"improved":[116],"blocks":[119],"are":[120,153,193],"utilized":[121,168],"extract":[123],"HSI":[126],"LiDAR":[128],"ensure":[130],"discriminability":[131],"comprehensiveness":[133],"cover":[137],"conditions.":[138],"Spatial":[139],"spectral":[141],"pseudo-3D":[142],"convolutions,":[143,145],"pointwise":[144],"residual":[146],"aggregation,":[147,149],"one-shot":[148],"parameter-sharing":[151],"implemented":[154],"CAFM,":[160],"self-designed":[162],"local-global":[163],"block":[166],"is":[167],"collect":[170],"integrate":[172],"generate":[179],"representations.":[182],"module,":[186],"average":[187],"polling,":[188],"dropout,":[189],"linear":[191],"layers":[192],"used":[194],"map":[196],"fused":[198],"representations":[200],"final":[203],"results.":[205],"The":[206],"experimental":[207],"evaluations":[208],"on":[209],"public":[211],"datasets":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"competitiveness":[216],"proposed":[219],"comparison":[222],"with":[223],"state-of-the-art":[224],"methods.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}