{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402270978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173305","title":"AoI Analysis of Satellite\u2013UAV Synergy Real-Time Remote Sensing System","display_name":"AoI Analysis of Satellite\u2013UAV Synergy Real-Time Remote Sensing System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402270978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3305/pdf?version=1725542932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3305/pdf?version=1725542932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Libo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5480-2319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103051004","display_name":"Xiangyin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-9582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","National Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 611731, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075449178","display_name":"Kaiyu Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","National Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 611731, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084779219","display_name":"Zhuwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-3329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102917327","display_name":"Jiayi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-5933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077580374","display_name":"Deyu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103051004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85385171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3305","last_page":"3305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7287842631340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5238602161407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4727811813354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4015759825706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20023095607757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14403146505355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06639495491981506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7287842631340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5238602161407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4727811813354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4015759825706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20023095607757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14403146505355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06639495491981506}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3305/pdf?version=1725542932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1bbe8cb19de14767bb0c70f8798ea427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1bbe8cb19de14767bb0c70f8798ea427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3305 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3305/pdf?version=1725542932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1179159659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFSC0176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4664128731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402270978.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402270978.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919404870","https://openalex.org/W1987123761","https://openalex.org/W1993918491","https://openalex.org/W2069417241","https://openalex.org/W2069689609","https://openalex.org/W2095323819","https://openalex.org/W2146487252","https://openalex.org/W2412503523","https://openalex.org/W2744248483","https://openalex.org/W2797442898","https://openalex.org/W2885608975","https://openalex.org/W2898641569","https://openalex.org/W2909704954","https://openalex.org/W2915520884","https://openalex.org/W2942341162","https://openalex.org/W2962995513","https://openalex.org/W2963294159","https://openalex.org/W2963562791","https://openalex.org/W2984422791","https://openalex.org/W3009574497","https://openalex.org/W3021957630","https://openalex.org/W3023895525","https://openalex.org/W3029672350","https://openalex.org/W3032653123","https://openalex.org/W3100825950","https://openalex.org/W3106385712","https://openalex.org/W3111189508","https://openalex.org/W3116893587","https://openalex.org/W3122128387","https://openalex.org/W3128829940","https://openalex.org/W3133580352","https://openalex.org/W3137257456","https://openalex.org/W3202557536","https://openalex.org/W3214727290","https://openalex.org/W4205918202","https://openalex.org/W4205984110","https://openalex.org/W4285146254","https://openalex.org/W4285395664","https://openalex.org/W4286377573","https://openalex.org/W4295700726","https://openalex.org/W4387871010","https://openalex.org/W4387873920","https://openalex.org/W4391791331","https://openalex.org/W4394627499","https://openalex.org/W4399039546","https://openalex.org/W4399154382","https://openalex.org/W6787093559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W4205376403","https://openalex.org/W2331410275","https://openalex.org/W2002340745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,12,50,68,90,105,113,115,121,127,131,153,159,171,204,206,237,242],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,46,52,112,118,124,130,147,173,183,203,241],"space\u2013air\u2013ground":[5],"integrated":[6],"networks":[7],"(SAGIN),":[8],"synergy":[10,94],"between":[11],"satellite":[13],"and":[14,34,109,120,164,200,214,226],"unmanned":[15],"aerial":[16],"vehicles":[17],"(UAVs)":[18],"in":[19,70,98,100,245],"sensing":[20,73,96],"environmental":[21],"status":[22,39,174],"information":[23,40,53,107],"reveals":[24],"substantial":[25],"potential.":[26],"In":[27],"SAGIN,":[28,99],"applications":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"disaster":[32],"response":[33],"military":[35],"operations":[36],"require":[37],"fresh":[38],"to":[41,66,89,235],"respond":[42],"effectively.":[43],"The":[44,223],"freshness":[45,172],"information,":[47,175],"quantified":[48],"by":[49],"age":[51],"(AoI)":[54],"metric,":[55],"is":[56,64,134,194],"crucial":[57],"for":[58],"an":[59],"effective":[60],"response.":[61],"Therefore,":[62],"it":[63],"urgent":[65],"investigate":[67],"AoI":[69,184,207,231],"real-time":[71],"remote":[72,95],"systems":[74],"leveraging":[75],"satellite\u2013UAV":[76,91],"synergy.":[77],"To":[78],"this":[79],"end,":[80],"we":[81,102],"first":[82],"establish":[83],"a":[84,137,144,180],"comprehensive":[85],"system":[86,97,132,156],"model,":[87],"corresponding":[88,138],"\u201cmultiscale":[92],"explanation\u201d":[93],"which":[101],"focus":[103],"on":[104],"typical":[106],"transmission":[108],"fusion":[110],"strategies":[111,220],"system,":[114,205],"analysis":[116,146,182],"framework":[117],"AoI,":[119,166],"temporal":[122],"evolution":[123],"AoI.":[125],"Subsequently,":[126],"time-varying":[128],"process":[129],"model":[133],"transformed":[135],"into":[136,170],"finite-states":[139],"continuous-time":[140],"Markov":[141],"chain,":[142],"enabling":[143],"precise":[145],"its":[148],"stochastic":[149,154],"behavior.":[150],"By":[151],"employing":[152],"hybrid":[155],"(SHS)":[157],"approach,":[158],"moment":[160],"generating":[161],"functions":[162],"(MGFs)":[163],"mean":[165],"offering":[167],"quantitative":[168],"insights":[169],"are":[176,221,232],"derived.":[177],"Following":[178],"this,":[179],"comparative":[181],"under":[185,209],"different":[186],"queuing":[187],"disciplines,":[188],"highlighting":[189],"their":[190],"respective":[191],"performance":[192,240],"characteristics,":[193],"conducted.":[195],"Furthermore,":[196],"considering":[197],"transmit":[198],"power":[199],"bandwidth":[201],"constraints":[202],"performances":[208],"full":[210],"frequency":[211,215],"reuse":[212],"(FFR),":[213],"division":[216],"multiple":[217],"access":[218],"(FDMA)":[219],"analyzed.":[222],"energy":[224],"advantage":[225,228],"spectrum":[227],"associated":[229],"with":[230],"also":[233],"examined":[234],"explore":[236],"superior":[238],"AoI-related":[239],"FFR":[243],"strategy":[244],"SAGIN.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
