{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402227813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173291","title":"Characterization of Complex Rock Mass Discontinuities from LiDAR Point Clouds","display_name":"Characterization of Complex Rock Mass Discontinuities from LiDAR Point Clouds","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402227813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173291","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101898207","display_name":"Yanan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-0883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052956511","display_name":"Weihua Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-7411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074230887","display_name":"Qihao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-8781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088181131","display_name":"Xiuguo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuguo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101898207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0146,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77425897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3291","last_page":"3291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6347134113311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-of-discontinuities","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","score":0.6089645028114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5468844175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5423821210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4838763475418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.44389069080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.15089979767799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.07529467344284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0515654981136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.04364386200904846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6347134113311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.6089645028114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5468844175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5423821210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4838763475418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.44389069080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.15089979767799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07529467344284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0515654981136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.04364386200904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:88645dee39ef4d24ac7902ff16153650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/88645dee39ef4d24ac7902ff16153650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3291 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1860944057","https://openalex.org/W1973929156","https://openalex.org/W1977787909","https://openalex.org/W1986473362","https://openalex.org/W1986522259","https://openalex.org/W2002453841","https://openalex.org/W2022512855","https://openalex.org/W2032787233","https://openalex.org/W2043237179","https://openalex.org/W2045344273","https://openalex.org/W2047798910","https://openalex.org/W2051125489","https://openalex.org/W2057088289","https://openalex.org/W2063231423","https://openalex.org/W2067039187","https://openalex.org/W2077146180","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2086398360","https://openalex.org/W2111073598","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2129872026","https://openalex.org/W2131172512","https://openalex.org/W2138812759","https://openalex.org/W2168104347","https://openalex.org/W2205809928","https://openalex.org/W2437153906","https://openalex.org/W2463770266","https://openalex.org/W2464278975","https://openalex.org/W2598560628","https://openalex.org/W2803171670","https://openalex.org/W2803790533","https://openalex.org/W2900886560","https://openalex.org/W2910488292","https://openalex.org/W2922396397","https://openalex.org/W2945472662","https://openalex.org/W2980273600","https://openalex.org/W2991158393","https://openalex.org/W3019859939","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W3022124984","https://openalex.org/W3024311896","https://openalex.org/W3045677130","https://openalex.org/W3045914756","https://openalex.org/W3104007532","https://openalex.org/W3167253647","https://openalex.org/W4210805250","https://openalex.org/W4220758441","https://openalex.org/W4225329898","https://openalex.org/W4230475533","https://openalex.org/W4254019612","https://openalex.org/W4296123904","https://openalex.org/W4302009178","https://openalex.org/W4311838194","https://openalex.org/W4318426479","https://openalex.org/W4324087048","https://openalex.org/W4389100652","https://openalex.org/W4389220137","https://openalex.org/W4391094577","https://openalex.org/W4398726561","https://openalex.org/W6756466978","https://openalex.org/W6775610265","https://openalex.org/W6780913881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,218],"distribution":[1,73],"and":[2,14,28,39,46,53,74,114,158,192,208,214,228],"development":[3],"of":[4,17,30,62,82,108,133,178],"rock":[5,19,31,67,95,205],"mass":[6,68,96],"discontinuities":[7,97],"in":[8,22,118],"3D":[9,55],"space":[10],"control":[11],"the":[12,18,25,60,80,160,229],"deformation":[13],"failure":[15],"characteristics":[16],"mass,":[20],"which":[21,58],"turn":[23],"affect":[24],"strength,":[26],"permeability,":[27],"stability":[29],"masses.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"it":[34],"is":[35,106],"essential":[36],"to":[37,203],"accurately":[38],"efficiently":[40],"characterize":[41],"these":[42],"discontinuities.":[43,69],"Light":[44],"Detection":[45],"Ranging":[47],"(LiDAR)":[48],"now":[49],"allows":[50],"for":[51,65,92],"fast":[52],"precise":[54],"data":[56,136],"collection,":[57],"supports":[59],"creation":[61],"new":[63],"methods":[64],"characterizing":[66,93],"However,":[70],"uneven":[71],"density":[72,139],"local":[75],"surface":[76],"undulations":[77],"can":[78,115,224],"limit":[79],"accuracy":[81],"discontinuity":[83,162,172,185,194],"characterization.":[84],"To":[85],"address":[86],"this,":[87],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"a":[90,125,155],"method":[91,105,200,223],"complex":[94],"based":[98,137],"on":[99,138],"laser":[100],"point":[101,134],"cloud":[102,135],"data.":[103],"This":[104,199],"capable":[107],"processing":[109],"datasets":[110,207],"with":[111,180,187,210],"varying":[112],"densities":[113],"reduce":[116,226],"over-segmentation":[117,227],"non-planar":[119,152],"areas.":[120],"suggested":[122],"approach":[123],"involves":[124],"five-stage":[126],"process":[127],"that":[128,221],"includes:":[129],"(1)":[130],"adaptive":[131],"resampling":[132],"comparison;":[140],"(2)":[141],"normal":[142],"vector":[143],"calculation":[144],"using":[145,154,164,174,196],"Principal":[146],"Component":[147],"Analysis":[148],"(PCA);":[149],"(3)":[150],"identifying":[151],"areas":[153],"watershed-like":[156],"algorithm,":[157],"determine":[159],"main":[161],"sets":[163],"Multi-threshold":[165],"Mean":[166],"Shift":[167],"(MTMS);":[168],"(4)":[169],"identify":[170],"single":[171],"clusters":[173],"Density-Based":[175],"Spatial":[176],"Clustering":[177],"Applications":[179],"Noise":[181],"(DBSCAN);":[182],"(5)":[183],"fitting":[184],"planes":[186],"Random":[188],"Sample":[189],"Consensus":[190],"(RANSAC)":[191],"determining":[193],"orientations":[195],"analytic":[197],"geometry.":[198],"was":[201],"applied":[202],"three":[204],"slope":[206],"compared":[209],"previous":[211],"research":[212],"results":[213,219,231],"manual":[215],"measurement":[216],"results.":[217],"indicate":[220],"this":[222],"effectively":[225],"characterization":[230],"have":[232],"high":[233],"accuracy.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}