{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401960102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173178","title":"Auroral Image Classification Based on Second-Order Convolutional Network and Channel Attention Awareness","display_name":"Auroral Image Classification Based on Second-Order Convolutional Network and Channel Attention Awareness","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401960102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173178","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3178/pdf?version=1724837382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3178/pdf?version=1724837382","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033903800","display_name":"Yangfan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-1587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangfan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064994218","display_name":"Zeming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-0608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090873301","display_name":"Pinglv Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-5264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pinglv Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029739274","display_name":"Xiaofeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-1059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340635","display_name":"Qian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of CMA, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733059","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3527-7259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching and Research Support Center, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210014, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching and Research Support Center, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090873301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63259032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3178","last_page":"3178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7715622186660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6983750462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6505496501922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6100106835365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5413063168525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5282513499259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5243268609046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4980781078338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4524456858634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3201320171356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1354636549949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12235608696937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08819520473480225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7715622186660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6983750462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6505496501922607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6100106835365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5413063168525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5282513499259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5243268609046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4980781078338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4524456858634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3201320171356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1354636549949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12235608696937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08819520473480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173178","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3178/pdf?version=1724837382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b75f0642e1e4d63949f1779a9bb68b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b75f0642e1e4d63949f1779a9bb68b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3178 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/17/3178/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16173178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173178","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3178/pdf?version=1724837382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1022343656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42305159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G416007462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4229856045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5496603444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41174164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5924514713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41174164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6322284994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20231490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743131706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41775027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6903789984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7993663677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42305159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8207464807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41775027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401960102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401960102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170742008","https://openalex.org/W1783574445","https://openalex.org/W1964934007","https://openalex.org/W1986964250","https://openalex.org/W1987529207","https://openalex.org/W2035717463","https://openalex.org/W2062125287","https://openalex.org/W2112759033","https://openalex.org/W2142764230","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204257188","https://openalex.org/W2423822072","https://openalex.org/W2517500902","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2601789736","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2778095307","https://openalex.org/W2793387205","https://openalex.org/W2806317164","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2887626628","https://openalex.org/W2934190309","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W3000447332","https://openalex.org/W3041455340","https://openalex.org/W3043453868","https://openalex.org/W3048713105","https://openalex.org/W3048885315","https://openalex.org/W3088127110","https://openalex.org/W3091484769","https://openalex.org/W3099650636","https://openalex.org/W3136781854","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3151130473","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W4213172704","https://openalex.org/W4214666412","https://openalex.org/W4225693715","https://openalex.org/W4281399277","https://openalex.org/W4321019565","https://openalex.org/W4367183718","https://openalex.org/W4386780719","https://openalex.org/W4387524457","https://openalex.org/W4395096401","https://openalex.org/W4399775209","https://openalex.org/W6781908019","https://openalex.org/W6809521480","https://openalex.org/W6838896306","https://openalex.org/W6858131896","https://openalex.org/W6869807396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2521627374","https://openalex.org/W2981954115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"classification":[1],"of":[2,26],"ground-based":[3,39,111],"auroral":[4,12,27,40,112],"images":[5,28],"is":[6,55,59,106],"essential":[7],"for":[8],"studying":[9],"variations":[10],"in":[11],"morphology":[13],"and":[14,69,115],"uncovering":[15],"magnetospheric":[16],"mechanisms.":[17],"However,":[18],"distinguishing":[19],"subtle":[20],"morphological":[21],"differences":[22],"among":[23],"different":[24],"categories":[25],"presents":[29],"a":[30,42,65,70,84],"significant":[31],"challenge.":[32],"To":[33],"excavate":[34],"more":[35,90],"discriminative":[36],"information":[37,50],"from":[38,51,79],"images,":[41],"novel":[43,71,96],"method":[44],"named":[45],"learning":[46],"representative":[47],"channel":[48,73,98],"attention":[49,74,99],"second-order":[52,66,72,85,97],"statistics":[53],"(LRCAISS)":[54],"proposed.":[56],"The":[57,76],"LRCAISS":[58,77,121],"highlighted":[60],"with":[61],"two":[62,109],"innovative":[63],"techniques:":[64],"convolutional":[67,86],"network":[68,87],"block.":[75],"extends":[78],"Resnet50":[80],"architecture":[81],"by":[82],"incorporating":[83],"to":[88,126],"capture":[89],"detailed":[91],"statistical":[92],"representation.":[93],"Meanwhile,":[94],"the":[95,116],"block":[100],"effectively":[101],"recalibrates":[102],"these":[103],"features.":[104],"LACAISS":[105],"evaluated":[107],"on":[108],"public":[110],"image":[113],"datasets,":[114],"experimental":[117],"results":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"that":[120],"achieves":[122],"competitive":[123],"performance":[124],"compared":[125],"existing":[127],"methods.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}