{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401548086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162965","title":"An Innovative Internal Calibration Strategy and Implementation for LT-1 Bistatic Spaceborne SAR","display_name":"An Innovative Internal Calibration Strategy and Implementation for LT-1 Bistatic Spaceborne SAR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401548086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162965","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2965/pdf?version=1723532050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2965/pdf?version=1723532050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070744333","display_name":"Yuanbo Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-9624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbo Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665929","display_name":"Kaiyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-6869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040713300","display_name":"Haixia Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595886","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6751-7062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113932996","display_name":"Fengjun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100665929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.8987,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93606195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"16","first_page":"2965","last_page":"2965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7236922979354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.5644720196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48875904083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4853042960166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44543200731277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26738500595092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.11893454194068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08673897385597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07885274291038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.0764244794845581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7236922979354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5644720196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48875904083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4853042960166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44543200731277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26738500595092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.11893454194068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08673897385597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07885274291038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.0764244794845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162965","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2965/pdf?version=1723532050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af2ff8c0a44c4ae2969147de8f64e6f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af2ff8c0a44c4ae2969147de8f64e6f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 16, p 2965 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162965","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2965/pdf?version=1723532050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401548086.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401548086.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002459665","https://openalex.org/W2024171243","https://openalex.org/W2025349015","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2027263889","https://openalex.org/W2060588492","https://openalex.org/W2061956513","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2104037349","https://openalex.org/W2154063429","https://openalex.org/W2158898891","https://openalex.org/W2341528354","https://openalex.org/W2531365940","https://openalex.org/W2548820175","https://openalex.org/W2951503817","https://openalex.org/W3009928943","https://openalex.org/W3015797274","https://openalex.org/W3021545374","https://openalex.org/W3033644579","https://openalex.org/W3090848191","https://openalex.org/W3126344089","https://openalex.org/W3199107852","https://openalex.org/W3203660564","https://openalex.org/W4296351342","https://openalex.org/W4380996349","https://openalex.org/W4386158665","https://openalex.org/W4389486857","https://openalex.org/W4389692310","https://openalex.org/W7052973211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2004765814","https://openalex.org/W2950419692","https://openalex.org/W1636544497","https://openalex.org/W2124163150","https://openalex.org/W2034611846","https://openalex.org/W2051186205","https://openalex.org/W2545704177","https://openalex.org/W2554356744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bistatic":[0],"and":[1,10,24,83,121,200],"multistatic":[2,201],"SAR":[3,35,202],"technology,":[4],"with":[5,183],"its":[6],"multi-dimensional,":[7],"ultra-wide":[8],"swath,":[9],"high-resolution":[11],"advantages,":[12],"is":[13,131,163],"widely":[14],"used":[15],"in":[16,47,62],"earth":[17],"observation,":[18],"military":[19],"reconnaissance,":[20],"deep":[21],"space":[22],"exploration,":[23],"other":[25],"fields.":[26],"The":[27,41],"LuTan-1":[28],"(LT-1)":[29],"mission":[30],"employs":[31],"two":[32,137],"full-polarimetric":[33],"L-band":[34],"satellites":[36],"for":[37,97,196],"the":[38,98,116,135,146,177],"BiSAR":[39,64,167],"system.":[40],"bistatic":[42,71,199],"mode":[43],"introduces":[44],"phase":[45,171],"errors":[46],"echo":[48,57,89,129],"reception":[49],"paths":[50],"due":[51],"to":[52,87,92,165],"different":[53],"transmission":[54],"links,":[55],"making":[56],"compensation":[58,95,130,153],"a":[59,69,151,159,170,193],"key":[60],"factor":[61],"ensuring":[63],"performance.":[65],"This":[66,190],"paper":[67],"proposes":[68],"novel":[70],"internal":[72,81,99,117],"calibration":[73,100,110,118,140,148],"strategy":[74,191],"that":[75],"combines":[76],"ground":[77,127,160],"temperature":[78,94,105,152],"compensation,":[79],"in-orbit":[80,108,178],"calibration,":[82],"pulsed":[84,123],"alternate":[85,124],"synchronization":[86,172],"achieve":[88],"compensation.":[90],"Prior":[91],"launch,":[93],"data":[96,111],"system":[101,162],"are":[102,112],"obtained":[103,180],"via":[104],"experiments.":[106],"During":[107],"operation,":[109],"acquired":[113],"by":[114],"executing":[115],"pulse":[119],"sequence":[120],"noninterrupted":[122],"synchronization.":[125],"In":[126],"processing,":[128],"completed":[132],"based":[133],"on":[134],"above":[136],"parts":[138],"of":[139,145,155,174,187],"data.":[141],"A":[142],"comprehensive":[143],"analysis":[144],"entire":[147],"chain":[149],"reveals":[150],"accuracy":[154,173],"0.10":[156],"dB/1.38\u00b0.":[157],"Additionally,":[158],"verification":[161],"established":[164],"conduct":[166],"experiments,":[168],"achieving":[169],"0.16\u00b0.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"test":[179],"DSM":[181],"products":[182],"an":[184],"average":[185],"error":[186],"1.3":[188],"m.":[189],"provides":[192],"valuable":[194],"reference":[195],"future":[197],"spaceborne":[198],"systems.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}