{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401074499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152765","title":"Characterizing the Macro and Micro Properties of Precipitation during the Landfall of Typhoon Lekima by Using GPM Observations","display_name":"Characterizing the Macro and Micro Properties of Precipitation during the Landfall of Typhoon Lekima by Using GPM Observations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401074499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16152765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152765","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773661","display_name":"Zhimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-4844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145517","display_name":"Jilin Weather Modification Office","ror":"https://ror.org/056js0g95","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100081, China","Xinjiang Weather Modification Office, Urumqi 830002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Weather Modification Office, Urumqi 830002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378741","display_name":"H. J. Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8274-9863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084944387","display_name":"Fengjiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-8224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengjiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664850","display_name":"Yiting Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070461975","display_name":"Lijuan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-2427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137516","display_name":"Beijing Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9vk87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100378741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.74,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67905731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"15","first_page":"2765","last_page":"2765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landfall","display_name":"Landfall","score":0.8612501621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoon","display_name":"Typhoon","score":0.8406196236610413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6090694069862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.553047776222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5309077501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.48494771122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4094539284706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2709776759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-cyclone","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","score":0.24849572777748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13927116990089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11354625225067139}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163379243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551132","display_name":"Landfall","level":3,"score":0.8612501621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181654704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140588","display_name":"Typhoon","level":2,"score":0.8406196236610413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6090694069862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.553047776222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5309077501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.48494771122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4094539284706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2709776759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29141058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8092","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.24849572777748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13927116990089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11354625225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16152765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b28d160f09ff43858ed9ee2facaab94c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b28d160f09ff43858ed9ee2facaab94c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 15, p 2765 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16152765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1711033071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022D01B182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311028","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311028","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W243064266","https://openalex.org/W1550436559","https://openalex.org/W1968683531","https://openalex.org/W1977070284","https://openalex.org/W1992049764","https://openalex.org/W2004719410","https://openalex.org/W2017893141","https://openalex.org/W2018410035","https://openalex.org/W2019490727","https://openalex.org/W2021878254","https://openalex.org/W2025058704","https://openalex.org/W2032146560","https://openalex.org/W2041738123","https://openalex.org/W2066408141","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2080165048","https://openalex.org/W2088235893","https://openalex.org/W2090217777","https://openalex.org/W2096751527","https://openalex.org/W2101015835","https://openalex.org/W2114912484","https://openalex.org/W2122183442","https://openalex.org/W2134745464","https://openalex.org/W2153839935","https://openalex.org/W2174888315","https://openalex.org/W2175511559","https://openalex.org/W2180642799","https://openalex.org/W2274487689","https://openalex.org/W2326380306","https://openalex.org/W2471426220","https://openalex.org/W2520070155","https://openalex.org/W2528588178","https://openalex.org/W2538403715","https://openalex.org/W2546983142","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2625518554","https://openalex.org/W2773841938","https://openalex.org/W2786087770","https://openalex.org/W2789626262","https://openalex.org/W2801322915","https://openalex.org/W2804761998","https://openalex.org/W2889091955","https://openalex.org/W2901438339","https://openalex.org/W2904755549","https://openalex.org/W2921221695","https://openalex.org/W2950724842","https://openalex.org/W2981572690","https://openalex.org/W2987178821","https://openalex.org/W3007245143","https://openalex.org/W3081067361","https://openalex.org/W3199177732","https://openalex.org/W3205652234","https://openalex.org/W4211154273","https://openalex.org/W4220818274","https://openalex.org/W4225426718","https://openalex.org/W4289519624","https://openalex.org/W4323667397","https://openalex.org/W4389340928","https://openalex.org/W4399457502","https://openalex.org/W6609304116","https://openalex.org/W6802531279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062344468","https://openalex.org/W2107917686","https://openalex.org/W2389934348","https://openalex.org/W4387094990","https://openalex.org/W2376434362","https://openalex.org/W2782364027","https://openalex.org/W4313519248","https://openalex.org/W2402759253","https://openalex.org/W2386821814","https://openalex.org/W2024318936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,15,33,40,48,58,62,66,75,80,90,101,160,174],"macro":[2],"and":[3,17,44,68,73,111,130,152,190],"micro":[4],"characteristics":[5],"of":[6,19,42,50,61,65,103,115,122,134,141,179],"precipitation":[7,46,109,117,137],"in":[8,155,168,188,194],"landfall":[9,49],"typhoons":[10],"is":[11,71,86,97,164,181],"crucial":[12],"to":[13,38],"predicting":[14],"path":[16],"intensity":[18],"tropical":[20],"cyclones":[21],"by":[22,79],"using":[23],"numerical":[24,195],"models.":[25,196],"In":[26],"this":[27],"study,":[28],"we":[29],"use":[30],"observations":[31],"from":[32],"Global":[34],"Precipitation":[35],"Measurement":[36],"Mission":[37],"analyze":[39],"microphysics":[41,192],"convection":[43],"stratiform":[45,123],"during":[47],"Typhoon":[51],"Lekima.":[52],"The":[53,93,106,125],"statistical":[54],"results":[55,184],"show":[56],"that":[57,74,173],"correlation":[59],"coefficient":[60],"reflectivity":[63],"factors":[64],"spaceborne":[67],"ground-based":[69],"radars":[70],"0.77":[72],"water":[76,113],"content":[77,114],"detected":[78],"18.7":[81],"GHz":[82],"low-frequency":[83],"vertical":[84],"channel":[85],"positively":[87],"correlated":[88],"with":[89,100],"intense-precipitation":[91],"rate.":[92],"storm":[94],"top":[95],"height":[96],"generally":[98],"consistent":[99],"location":[102],"heavy":[104],"precipitation.":[105,124],"average":[107,126,169],"near-surface":[108],"rate":[110],"liquid":[112],"convective":[116,135],"are":[118,147,185],"higher":[119],"than":[120],"those":[121],"mass-weighted":[127],"raindrop":[128],"diameter":[129],"particle":[131,170],"number":[132],"concentration":[133],"(stratiform)":[136],"at":[138],"a":[139,165],"distance":[140],"2":[142],"km":[143],"above":[144],"ground":[145],"level":[146],"1.52":[148],"mm":[149],"(1.29":[150],"mm)":[151],"39.52":[153],"(36.44,":[154],"decibel":[156],"scale),":[157],"respectively.":[158],"Below":[159],"melting":[161],"layer,":[162],"there":[163],"significant":[166],"increase":[167],"diameter,":[171],"indicating":[172],"collision":[175],"aggregation":[176],"growth":[177],"process":[178],"raindrops":[180],"dominant.":[182],"These":[183],"potentially":[186],"helpful":[187],"validating":[189],"improving":[191],"parameterization":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}