{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399976691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132293","title":"Assessment of Carbon Sink and Carbon Flux in Forest Ecosystems: Instrumentation and the Influence of Seasonal Changes","display_name":"Assessment of Carbon Sink and Carbon Flux in Forest Ecosystems: Instrumentation and the Influence of Seasonal Changes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399976691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132293","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2293/pdf?version=1719130328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2293/pdf?version=1719130328","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080293416","display_name":"Dangui Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dangui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102215775","display_name":"Yuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068539574","display_name":"Zhongke Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1444-7976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongke Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398357","display_name":"Zhichao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-835X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068539574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78394724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"13","first_page":"2293","last_page":"2293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-flux","display_name":"Carbon flux","score":0.7315986156463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sink","display_name":"Carbon sink","score":0.6978144645690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6814551949501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4942789077758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sink","display_name":"Sink (geography)","score":0.4902499318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-ecology","display_name":"Forest ecology","score":0.47829681634902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.4538291096687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.42739927768707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3977828323841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.22432133555412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.13925445079803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10893476009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07016903162002563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993678126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon flux","level":3,"score":0.7315986156463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149677717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611523","display_name":"Carbon sink","level":3,"score":0.6978144645690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6814551949501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4942789077758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143050476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194502","display_name":"Sink (geography)","level":2,"score":0.4902499318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.47829681634902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4538291096687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.42739927768707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3977828323841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.22432133555412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.13925445079803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10893476009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07016903162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132293","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2293/pdf?version=1719130328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:143ea728a86642d2abc51ab20fe91b92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/143ea728a86642d2abc51ab20fe91b92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 13, p 2293 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132293","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2293/pdf?version=1719130328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399976691.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004177958","https://openalex.org/W2113249705","https://openalex.org/W2405365025","https://openalex.org/W2466494297","https://openalex.org/W2611090267","https://openalex.org/W2891309301","https://openalex.org/W2900308786","https://openalex.org/W2901974040","https://openalex.org/W2912510744","https://openalex.org/W2924496886","https://openalex.org/W2943778311","https://openalex.org/W2944500670","https://openalex.org/W2949747980","https://openalex.org/W2959133027","https://openalex.org/W2985601188","https://openalex.org/W2996554203","https://openalex.org/W2998881790","https://openalex.org/W3000895318","https://openalex.org/W3003390797","https://openalex.org/W3007045993","https://openalex.org/W3008156800","https://openalex.org/W3008202438","https://openalex.org/W3011189840","https://openalex.org/W3013471216","https://openalex.org/W3013842704","https://openalex.org/W3014814359","https://openalex.org/W3023341969","https://openalex.org/W3023383448","https://openalex.org/W3028855635","https://openalex.org/W3036283550","https://openalex.org/W3038579873","https://openalex.org/W3039816702","https://openalex.org/W3041874188","https://openalex.org/W3084320300","https://openalex.org/W3088292472","https://openalex.org/W3096485530","https://openalex.org/W3096555494","https://openalex.org/W3100348673","https://openalex.org/W3105177515","https://openalex.org/W3106881551","https://openalex.org/W3112141502","https://openalex.org/W3116125684","https://openalex.org/W3121720332","https://openalex.org/W3136224375","https://openalex.org/W3144125218","https://openalex.org/W3152432465","https://openalex.org/W3156137756","https://openalex.org/W3157043473","https://openalex.org/W3157504330","https://openalex.org/W3165842617","https://openalex.org/W3175246101","https://openalex.org/W3180588140","https://openalex.org/W3183038704","https://openalex.org/W3184588947","https://openalex.org/W4200040062","https://openalex.org/W4200212360","https://openalex.org/W4210712567","https://openalex.org/W4220824816","https://openalex.org/W4220829661","https://openalex.org/W4220845590","https://openalex.org/W4220997359","https://openalex.org/W4226318710","https://openalex.org/W4283716178","https://openalex.org/W4285728579","https://openalex.org/W4296820547","https://openalex.org/W4301186619","https://openalex.org/W4310240455","https://openalex.org/W4312192763","https://openalex.org/W4317738931","https://openalex.org/W4323928229","https://openalex.org/W4324394278","https://openalex.org/W4361266070","https://openalex.org/W4382983243","https://openalex.org/W4383163110","https://openalex.org/W4383816805","https://openalex.org/W4387267196","https://openalex.org/W6786131744","https://openalex.org/W6798250071","https://openalex.org/W6798877513","https://openalex.org/W6854392585","https://openalex.org/W6854787424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144952416","https://openalex.org/W1981989787","https://openalex.org/W1968435195","https://openalex.org/W2354430753","https://openalex.org/W2361685013","https://openalex.org/W2001758539","https://openalex.org/W2376722068","https://openalex.org/W4200244030","https://openalex.org/W2080481328","https://openalex.org/W2377368113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"measurement":[1,37],"and":[2,8,16,26,53,61,85,93,104,124,130,135,165],"estimation":[3],"of":[4,70,126,144,147,153,161],"forest":[5,34,50,90,154,162],"carbon":[6,24,91,94,163],"sinks":[7,92,164],"fluxes":[9,95],"are":[10],"essential":[11],"for":[12,88],"developing":[13],"effective":[14],"national":[15],"global":[17],"climate":[18,28],"strategies":[19],"aimed":[20],"at":[21],"reducing":[22,76],"atmospheric":[23],"concentrations":[25],"mitigating":[27],"change.":[29],"Various":[30],"errors":[31],"arise":[32],"during":[33],"monitoring,":[35],"especially":[36],"instability":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,45,117,139],"seasonal":[41,115,148],"variations,":[42],"which":[43],"require":[44],"be":[46],"adequately":[47],"addressed":[48],"in":[49,57],"ecosystem":[51],"research":[52],"applications.":[54],"Seasonal":[55],"fluctuations":[56],"temperature,":[58],"precipitation,":[59],"aerosols,":[60],"solar":[62],"radiation":[63],"can":[64],"significantly":[65],"impact":[66,146],"the":[67,77,83,111,118,122,132,145,151,159],"physical":[68],"observations":[69],"mapping":[71],"equipment":[72,86],"or":[73],"platforms,":[74,100],"thereby":[75,157],"data\u2019s":[78],"accuracy.":[79],"Here,":[80],"we":[81],"review":[82],"technologies":[84],"used":[87],"monitoring":[89,128],"across":[96],"different":[97],"remote":[98,106],"sensing":[99],"including":[101],"ground-based,":[102],"airborne,":[103],"spaceborne":[105],"sensing.":[107],"We":[108,137],"further":[109],"investigate":[110],"uncertainties":[112],"introduced":[113],"by":[114],"variations":[116,149],"observing":[119],"equipment,":[120],"compare":[121],"strengths":[123],"weaknesses":[125],"various":[127],"technologies,":[129],"propose":[131],"corresponding":[133],"solutions":[134],"recommendations.":[136],"aim":[138],"gain":[140],"a":[141],"comprehensive":[142],"understanding":[143],"on":[150],"accuracy":[152,160],"map":[155],"data,":[156],"improving":[158],"fluxes.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}