{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399681997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122156","title":"Agricultural Drought Monitoring Using an Enhanced Soil Water Deficit Index Derived from Remote Sensing and Model Data Merging","display_name":"Agricultural Drought Monitoring Using an Enhanced Soil Water Deficit Index Derived from Remote Sensing and Model Data Merging","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399681997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16122156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122156","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2156/pdf?version=1718347822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2156/pdf?version=1718347822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110133517","display_name":"Xiaotao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Shanghai Investigation Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Investigation Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079062135","display_name":"Huating Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-571X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huating Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Investigation Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Investigation Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069984165","display_name":"Hai He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073503222","display_name":"Zhiyong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004952413","display_name":"Guihua Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guihua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102971261","display_name":"Tingting Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6846-3306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767678","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02169wb20","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Investigation Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China","State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Investigation Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110133517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.4426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95002814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"2156","last_page":"2156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-wilting-point","display_name":"Permanent wilting point","score":0.833991527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.757007896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7135095596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedotransfer-function","display_name":"Pedotransfer function","score":0.6760416030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-capacity","display_name":"Field capacity","score":0.6270321011543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.5460564494132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.3936898112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.32411840558052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.32398638129234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10365310311317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-conductivity","display_name":"Hydraulic conductivity","score":0.08786937594413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.06958431005477905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144144481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742350","display_name":"Permanent wilting point","level":4,"score":0.833991527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.757007896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7135095596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164285268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7159349","display_name":"Pedotransfer function","level":4,"score":0.6760416030883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27934549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402691","display_name":"Field capacity","level":3,"score":0.6270321011543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.5460564494132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3936898112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.32411840558052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.32398638129234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10365310311317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63184880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2783041","display_name":"Hydraulic conductivity","level":3,"score":0.08786937594413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06958431005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16122156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122156","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2156/pdf?version=1718347822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c544308ce5564dd390e3230288d30b71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c544308ce5564dd390e3230288d30b71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 2156 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16122156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122156","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2156/pdf?version=1718347822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3842246537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2240225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4080350536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022SL831-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744789908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2240225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G555127449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YF20-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G582108859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YF20-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7960214235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M732317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7974711755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022SL831-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8186881476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M732317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399681997.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1786856418","https://openalex.org/W1963507870","https://openalex.org/W1968743691","https://openalex.org/W1969645208","https://openalex.org/W1976216837","https://openalex.org/W1982920954","https://openalex.org/W1984114559","https://openalex.org/W1989834362","https://openalex.org/W2030103530","https://openalex.org/W2036709573","https://openalex.org/W2048336910","https://openalex.org/W2053459628","https://openalex.org/W2058880031","https://openalex.org/W2079053935","https://openalex.org/W2083735459","https://openalex.org/W2104157175","https://openalex.org/W2105525330","https://openalex.org/W2108886061","https://openalex.org/W2122389133","https://openalex.org/W2130560194","https://openalex.org/W2153127775","https://openalex.org/W2155444674","https://openalex.org/W2311139032","https://openalex.org/W2322141906","https://openalex.org/W2329318263","https://openalex.org/W2348428089","https://openalex.org/W2353488444","https://openalex.org/W2546915396","https://openalex.org/W2582059183","https://openalex.org/W2588003345","https://openalex.org/W2734508657","https://openalex.org/W2737609272","https://openalex.org/W2786705856","https://openalex.org/W2805929844","https://openalex.org/W2904076797","https://openalex.org/W2916889011","https://openalex.org/W3000058308","https://openalex.org/W3016953781","https://openalex.org/W3022978302","https://openalex.org/W3027237079","https://openalex.org/W3042498719","https://openalex.org/W3080553423","https://openalex.org/W3097463161","https://openalex.org/W3101954670","https://openalex.org/W3134876352","https://openalex.org/W3141211353","https://openalex.org/W3161239242","https://openalex.org/W3194774553","https://openalex.org/W3195858807","https://openalex.org/W3208736659","https://openalex.org/W4200572290","https://openalex.org/W4200582407","https://openalex.org/W4283702436","https://openalex.org/W4293524772","https://openalex.org/W6644315352","https://openalex.org/W6756692372","https://openalex.org/W6773351165","https://openalex.org/W6804926207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2567411883","https://openalex.org/W2274973941","https://openalex.org/W2609028545","https://openalex.org/W2187972939","https://openalex.org/W2465433093","https://openalex.org/W1512324605","https://openalex.org/W2038712286","https://openalex.org/W2280768927","https://openalex.org/W2607923445","https://openalex.org/W1977273908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Droughts":[0],"present":[1],"substantial":[2],"challenges":[3],"to":[4,83,89,100,178],"agriculture,":[5],"food":[6],"security,":[7],"and":[8,23,43,63,97,103,114,123,144,169,227,253],"water":[9],"resources.":[10],"Employing":[11],"a":[12,21,34,115,156,245],"drought":[13,28,35,162,205,251],"index":[14,36,174],"based":[15,137,181],"on":[16,39,138,182],"soil":[17,41,44,52,65,105,121,140,184],"moisture":[18,42,53,66,185],"dynamics":[19,243],"is":[20],"common":[22],"effective":[24],"approach":[25],"for":[26],"agricultural":[27,161,250],"monitoring.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,56,69,101,127,151,188,209,217,228,241],"precision":[32],"of":[33,129,165,244],"heavily":[37],"relies":[38],"accurate":[40,249],"hydraulic":[45],"parameters.":[46],"This":[47],"study":[48],"leverages":[49],"remote":[50],"sensing":[51],"data":[54,67],"from":[55,68,87],"Climate":[57],"Change":[58],"Initiative":[59],"(CCI)":[60],"series":[61],"products":[62],"model-generated":[64],"Variable":[70],"Infiltration":[71],"Capacity":[72],"(VIC)":[73],"model.":[74],"The":[75,147,236],"extended":[76],"triple":[77],"collocation":[78],"(ETC)":[79],"method":[80],"was":[81],"applied":[82],"merge":[84],"these":[85],"datasets":[86,122],"1992":[88],"2018,":[90],"resulting":[91],"in":[92,159,194],"enhanced":[93,131,153,189,237],"accuracy":[94,158],"by":[95],"28%":[96],"15%":[98],"compared":[99,177],"CCI":[102],"VIC":[104],"moisture,":[106,141],"respectively.":[107],"Furthermore,":[108],"this":[109],"research":[110],"establishes":[111],"field":[112,142],"capacity":[113],"wilting":[116,145],"point":[117],"map":[118],"using":[119],"multiple":[120],"pedotransfer":[124],"functions,":[125],"facilitating":[126],"development":[128],"an":[130,179],"Soil":[132,218,229],"Water":[133],"Deficit":[134],"Index":[135,212,222,231],"(SWDI)":[136],"merged":[139],"capacity,":[143],"points.":[146],"findings":[148],"reveal":[149],"that":[150],"proposed":[152],"SWDI":[154,180,190,238],"achieves":[155],"higher":[157],"detecting":[160],"events":[163],"(probability":[164],"detection":[166],"=":[167,175,201,215,225,234],"0.98)":[168],"quantifying":[170],"their":[171],"severity":[172],"(matching":[173],"0.33)":[176],"other":[183],"products.":[186],"Moreover,":[187],"exhibits":[191],"superior":[192],"performance":[193],"representing":[195],"drought-affected":[196],"crop":[197],"areas":[198],"(correlation":[199,213,223,232],"coefficient":[200,214,224,233],"0.88),":[202],"outperforming":[203],"traditional":[204],"indexes":[206],"such":[207],"as":[208],"Standardized":[210],"Precipitation":[211],"0.51),":[216],"Moisture":[219,230],"Anomaly":[220],"Percent":[221],"0.81),":[226],"0.83).":[235],"effectively":[239],"captures":[240],"spatiotemporal":[242],"drought,":[246],"supporting":[247],"more":[248],"monitoring":[252],"management":[254],"strategies.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}