{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391821421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040667","title":"Fusion Method of RFI Detection, Localization, and Suppression by Combining One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometers","display_name":"Fusion Method of RFI Detection, Localization, and Suppression by Combining One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391821421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/667/pdf?version=1707836912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/667/pdf?version=1707836912","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459455","display_name":"Liqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2873-0421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China","Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101873438","display_name":"Rong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011827662","display_name":"Qingjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6682-6731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431374","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-2481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765105","display_name":"Huan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-9593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005210162","display_name":"Zhongkai Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-433X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongkai Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011827662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.5959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60928751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"667","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.731295108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6692330837249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5725997686386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5409210324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5223209261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5113193988800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.4449138045310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.3792445659637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2306089699268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2046518623828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10125091671943665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.731295108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6692330837249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5725997686386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5409210324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5223209261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5113193988800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.4449138045310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.3792445659637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2306089699268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2046518623828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10125091671943665}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/667/pdf?version=1707836912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbb3355dfd6e4fb5b0b3a78376481a12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbb3355dfd6e4fb5b0b3a78376481a12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 667 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16040667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/4/667/pdf?version=1707836912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2109593743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42275141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2598426759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4227514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5607096474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5624741297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42276183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326497","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391821421.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975156068","https://openalex.org/W1981522607","https://openalex.org/W1987724775","https://openalex.org/W1993414040","https://openalex.org/W2004086307","https://openalex.org/W2008003618","https://openalex.org/W2011021111","https://openalex.org/W2017176825","https://openalex.org/W2025108699","https://openalex.org/W2033906415","https://openalex.org/W2054023067","https://openalex.org/W2062408075","https://openalex.org/W2090231103","https://openalex.org/W2117070412","https://openalex.org/W2157349060","https://openalex.org/W2248258711","https://openalex.org/W2292573258","https://openalex.org/W2546514543","https://openalex.org/W2548010882","https://openalex.org/W2554202618","https://openalex.org/W2766383190","https://openalex.org/W2771388577","https://openalex.org/W2772627937","https://openalex.org/W2900923857","https://openalex.org/W2934975149","https://openalex.org/W2973958698","https://openalex.org/W3000289208","https://openalex.org/W3034837000","https://openalex.org/W3087024884","https://openalex.org/W3096109010","https://openalex.org/W3129565861","https://openalex.org/W3200600264","https://openalex.org/W3201243263","https://openalex.org/W4231432580","https://openalex.org/W4312330495","https://openalex.org/W4321488249","https://openalex.org/W4378677590","https://openalex.org/W4387017292","https://openalex.org/W4387700767","https://openalex.org/W6801451673","https://openalex.org/W6801829510","https://openalex.org/W6850393388","https://openalex.org/W6853229742","https://openalex.org/W6856671793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113351631","https://openalex.org/W1971795288","https://openalex.org/W2103831930","https://openalex.org/W1993916247","https://openalex.org/W2156680019","https://openalex.org/W4321016390","https://openalex.org/W2097128340","https://openalex.org/W2138007775","https://openalex.org/W2902671820","https://openalex.org/W2079569137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ocean":[0,39],"salinity":[1,28],"is":[2,47,67],"a":[3,20,81,90,117,174,189],"pivotal":[4],"aspect":[5],"of":[6,36,54,108,151,166],"the":[7,34,37,52,105,149,161],"ocean":[8,27],"dynamic":[9],"environment.":[10],"Spaceborne":[11],"L-band":[12,83],"radiometers,":[13],"like":[14],"SMOS,":[15],"Aquarius,":[16],"and":[17,41,61,89,98,115,123,131,143,164,182,206],"SMAP,":[18],"offer":[19],"comprehensive":[21],"approach":[22],"to":[23,49,70],"mapping":[24],"out":[25],"large-scale":[26],"patterns.":[29],"As":[30],"China":[31],"prepares":[32],"for":[33,125,176],"launch":[35],"Chinese":[38],"Salinity":[40],"Soil":[42],"Moisture":[43],"Mission":[44],"(COSM),":[45],"it":[46],"essential":[48],"delve":[50],"into":[51,104],"intricacies":[53],"radio":[55],"frequency":[56],"interference":[57],"(RFI)":[58],"detection,":[59,129,180],"localization,":[60,130,181],"mitigation.":[62,132,183],"The":[63,168,184],"L-band,":[64],"in":[65,112,188],"particular,":[66],"highly":[68],"susceptible":[69],"RFI.":[71,167],"COSM":[72],"will":[73],"carry":[74],"not":[75],"one":[76],"but":[77],"two":[78],"advanced":[79],"instruments:":[80],"2-D":[82],"aperture":[84],"synthesis":[85],"microwave":[86,94],"radiometer":[87],"(LASMR)":[88],"1-D":[91],"L-C-K":[92],"band":[93],"imager":[95],"combined":[96],"active":[97],"passive":[99],"(MICAP).":[100],"This":[101,133],"article":[102],"delves":[103],"current":[106],"state":[107],"RFI":[109,128,179],"research,":[110],"particularly":[111],"recent":[113],"years,":[114],"introduces":[116],"fusion":[118,134,196],"method":[119,135],"that":[120,140,194],"integrates":[121],"MICAP":[122,214],"LASMR":[124,216],"more":[126],"accurate":[127],"relies":[136],"on":[137,148],"an":[138],"algorithm":[139],"constructs":[141],"localization":[142,204],"intensity":[144,165],"objective":[145],"functions":[146],"based":[147],"principle":[150],"least":[152],"squares.":[153],"By":[154],"optimizing":[155],"these":[156],"functions,":[157],"we":[158],"can":[159],"pinpoint":[160],"precise":[162],"location":[163],"resulting":[169],"minimum":[170],"mitigation":[171,209],"residual":[172,208],"offers":[173],"blueprint":[175],"achieving":[177],"optimal":[178],"experimental":[185],"results,":[186],"achieved":[187],"controlled":[190],"anechoic":[191],"chamber,":[192],"confirm":[193],"this":[195],"method\u2014when":[197],"weighted":[198],"by":[199],"variance\u2014boosts":[200],"detection":[201],"accuracy,":[202],"refines":[203],"precision,":[205],"minimizes":[207],"errors":[210],"compared":[211],"with":[212],"standalone":[213],"or":[215],"techniques.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}