{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391124380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020412","title":"Multiscale Spatiotemporal Variations of GNSS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor over Yunnan","display_name":"Multiscale Spatiotemporal Variations of GNSS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor over Yunnan","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391124380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/412/pdf?version=1705920514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/412/pdf?version=1705920514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325530","display_name":"Minghua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-775X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","Technology Innovation Center for Integration Applications in Remote Sensing and Navigation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Center for Integration Applications in Remote Sensing and Navigation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102594741","display_name":"Zhuochen Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuochen Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013209253","display_name":"Weiwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-1302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695980","display_name":"Du Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-4547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422077","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101479585","display_name":"South China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9jqt67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nature Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nature Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101479585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102205567","display_name":"Chengzhi Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengzhi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Technology Innovation Center for Integration Applications in Remote Sensing and Navigation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Center for Integration Applications in Remote Sensing and Navigation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013209253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.4994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94727076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"412","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.7532720565795898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7276119589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.522361159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.5128181576728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4735642671585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.470889151096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitable-water","display_name":"Precipitable water","score":0.4270077049732208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3957650363445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36961036920547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.36744317412376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2665463089942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1488155722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.11986225843429565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.7532720565795898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7276119589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.522361159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.5128181576728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4735642671585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.470889151096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156008332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778526","display_name":"Precipitable water","level":3,"score":0.4270077049732208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3957650363445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36961036920547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.36744317412376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2665463089942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1488155722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.11986225843429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/412/pdf?version=1705920514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3315e77ac6ae4386a001be3d09a8aff9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3315e77ac6ae4386a001be3d09a8aff9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 412 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/412/pdf?version=1705920514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3011155338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3196548802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515011268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3505119546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3587212287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MESTA-2020-B011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4117402084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4221955288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4504755076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEAIEF20220403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4993840398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5528613256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515011268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5810939268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51501126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5881942141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6311684539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8084210601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102020380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8466502793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42374022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335480","display_name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391124380.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1979013096","https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W1986984027","https://openalex.org/W1998113502","https://openalex.org/W1998563508","https://openalex.org/W2001865341","https://openalex.org/W2002339228","https://openalex.org/W2021214714","https://openalex.org/W2030916107","https://openalex.org/W2039260105","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2048363304","https://openalex.org/W2090965227","https://openalex.org/W2102082999","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2119486063","https://openalex.org/W2126407467","https://openalex.org/W2127642947","https://openalex.org/W2135800711","https://openalex.org/W2142351304","https://openalex.org/W2144795351","https://openalex.org/W2150047669","https://openalex.org/W2158612390","https://openalex.org/W2174616381","https://openalex.org/W2387616419","https://openalex.org/W2511264014","https://openalex.org/W2923936042","https://openalex.org/W3091326895","https://openalex.org/W3092778796","https://openalex.org/W3145203066","https://openalex.org/W3188843269","https://openalex.org/W3195521708","https://openalex.org/W4324067084","https://openalex.org/W6698736606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481473004","https://openalex.org/W2384996032","https://openalex.org/W1985945086","https://openalex.org/W1967780271","https://openalex.org/W2383463955","https://openalex.org/W3198254179","https://openalex.org/W2383715713","https://openalex.org/W2090013668","https://openalex.org/W2186142233","https://openalex.org/W2389996068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,179,201,211],"geographical":[1],"location":[2],"of":[3,11,18,32,60,66,104,127,140,182,203,214,221,265],"Yunnan":[4,141],"province":[5],"is":[6,217,248],"at":[7,84,120,268],"the":[8,16,21,29,43,61,90,95,99,105,108,125,135,138,147,157,175,192,204,222,226,245,251,263,266,269],"upstream":[9],"area":[10],"water":[12,33,72,199],"vapor":[13,34,73],"transportation":[14],"from":[15,51,76,134,164,234,240],"Bay":[17],"Bengal":[19],"and":[20,94,102,113,142,150,160,238,244],"South":[22],"China":[23],"Sea":[24],"to":[25,68,78,129,137,166,172,219,236,242],"inland":[26],"China.":[27],"Understanding":[28],"spatiotemporal":[30],"variations":[31,257],"over":[35,225,262],"this":[36],"region":[37],"holds":[38],"significant":[39],"importance.":[40],"We":[41],"utilized":[42],"Global":[44],"Navigation":[45],"Satellite":[46],"System":[47],"(GNSS)":[48],"data":[49,75,83],"collected":[50],"12":[52,165],"stations":[53,122,270],"situated":[54],"in":[55,124,156,198],"Yunnan,":[56],"which":[57,132],"are":[58,111,123,143,188,208],"part":[59],"Crustal":[62],"Movement":[63],"Observation":[64],"Network":[65],"China,":[67],"retrieve":[69],"hourly":[70],"precipitable":[71],"(PWV)":[74],"2011":[77],"2022.":[79],"retrieved":[81],"PWV":[82,118,155,177,183,205,224,231,256,260,276],"Station":[85,272],"KMIN":[86],"were":[87],"evaluated":[88],"by":[89],"nearby":[91],"radiosonde":[92],"data,":[93],"results":[96],"show":[97,258],"that":[98,220],"mean":[100],"bias":[101],"RMS":[103],"differences":[106,170],"between":[107,153],"two":[109],"datasets":[110],"0.08":[112],"1.78":[114],"mm,":[115,131],"respectively.":[116],"Average":[117,254],"values":[119,232],"these":[121,215],"range":[126,163],"11.77":[128],"33.53":[130],"decrease":[133,239],"southwest":[136],"north":[139],"negatively":[144],"correlated":[145],"with":[146],"stations\u2019":[148],"heights":[149],"latitudes.":[151],"Differences":[152],"average":[154,176,223,230],"wet":[158],"season":[159,162],"dry":[161],"27":[167],"mm.":[168,210],"These":[169],"tend":[171],"increase":[173,197,233],"as":[174],"increases.":[178],"yearly":[180],"rates":[181],"variations,":[184],"averaging":[185],"0.18":[186],"mm/year,":[187],"all":[189],"positive":[190],"for":[191],"stations,":[193],"indicating":[194],"a":[195],"year-by-year":[196],"vapor.":[200],"amplitudes":[202,216],"annual":[206],"cycles":[207],"9.75\u201320.94":[209],"spatial":[212],"variation":[213],"similar":[218],"region.":[227],"Generally,":[228],"monthly":[229],"January":[235],"July":[237,241],"December,":[243],"growth":[246],"rate":[247],"less":[249],"than":[250],"decline":[252],"rate.":[253],"diurnal":[255],"unimodal":[259],"distributions":[261],"course":[264],"day":[267],"except":[271],"YNRL,":[273],"where":[274],"bimodal":[275],"distribution":[277],"was":[278],"observed.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}