{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390828540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020320","title":"Flood Susceptibility Assessment with Random Sampling Strategy in Ensemble Learning (RF and XGBoost)","display_name":"Flood Susceptibility Assessment with Random Sampling Strategy in Ensemble Learning (RF and XGBoost)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390828540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020320","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/320/pdf?version=1705063633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/320/pdf?version=1705063633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031177410","display_name":"Hancheng Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hancheng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China","College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101799602","display_name":"Bo Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-0561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China","College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000534612","display_name":"Ping Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-6478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126688","display_name":"Yunnan Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgcmw96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126688"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kunming Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office, Kunming 650000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office, Kunming 650000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072991521","display_name":"Gang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-502X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153\u22128505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153\u22128505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115590899","display_name":"Shu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0252-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115813","display_name":"China National Commission for Disaster Reduction","ror":"https://ror.org/029j8j127","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115813"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115813","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405020","display_name":"Yuanyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115813","display_name":"China National Commission for Disaster Reduction","ror":"https://ror.org/029j8j127","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115813"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115813","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057226230","display_name":"Min Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115813","display_name":"China National Commission for Disaster Reduction","ror":"https://ror.org/029j8j127","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115813"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155611","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115813","https://openalex.org/I4210155611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101799602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":20.9836,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99790149,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"320","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.7474249601364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7410194873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7325438261032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.647603452205658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4985368251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49018269777297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.470243364572525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4687141478061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4542449712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4431355893611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.4341719150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43400654196739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2140854299068451}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.7474249601364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7410194873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7325438261032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.647603452205658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4985368251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49018269777297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.470243364572525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4687141478061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4542449712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4431355893611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4341719150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43400654196739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2140854299068451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020320","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/320/pdf?version=1705063633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da0da4263e6a401297159d954c703899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da0da4263e6a401297159d954c703899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 320 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/2/320/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16020320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16020320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020320","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/320/pdf?version=1705063633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1045471848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51879008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1073395498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BNUXKJC2325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952480743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3008502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7093099668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52179003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7702965406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72091511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8041391024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3008502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321432","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390828540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390828540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59413458","https://openalex.org/W579263674","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1819364509","https://openalex.org/W1975914988","https://openalex.org/W1978661379","https://openalex.org/W1981646498","https://openalex.org/W1993284672","https://openalex.org/W1995326552","https://openalex.org/W2017670237","https://openalex.org/W2017739067","https://openalex.org/W2025818287","https://openalex.org/W2043286242","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2082891529","https://openalex.org/W2108484081","https://openalex.org/W2116397061","https://openalex.org/W2140573576","https://openalex.org/W2145489626","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2315184042","https://openalex.org/W2341776351","https://openalex.org/W2468296585","https://openalex.org/W2597186690","https://openalex.org/W2640557513","https://openalex.org/W2732516007","https://openalex.org/W2766228856","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2791708356","https://openalex.org/W2800522465","https://openalex.org/W2904486608","https://openalex.org/W2909848146","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916915995","https://openalex.org/W2923600677","https://openalex.org/W2927539500","https://openalex.org/W2948009788","https://openalex.org/W2949017992","https://openalex.org/W2963199489","https://openalex.org/W2970602317","https://openalex.org/W2973053290","https://openalex.org/W2981078235","https://openalex.org/W3002564843","https://openalex.org/W3006494367","https://openalex.org/W3010479350","https://openalex.org/W3014787309","https://openalex.org/W3030526071","https://openalex.org/W3038030066","https://openalex.org/W3088950029","https://openalex.org/W3122286376","https://openalex.org/W3142048712","https://openalex.org/W3156415921","https://openalex.org/W3164556435","https://openalex.org/W3165242962","https://openalex.org/W3196257176","https://openalex.org/W4210683044","https://openalex.org/W4224982789","https://openalex.org/W4230428500","https://openalex.org/W4319456060","https://openalex.org/W4353109195","https://openalex.org/W4361213612","https://openalex.org/W4382202179","https://openalex.org/W4386102736","https://openalex.org/W4387827304","https://openalex.org/W6655028230","https://openalex.org/W6772760421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361806667","https://openalex.org/W2944292463","https://openalex.org/W3014252901","https://openalex.org/W2188759683","https://openalex.org/W2794896638","https://openalex.org/W4317376680","https://openalex.org/W3080944905","https://openalex.org/W4360777922","https://openalex.org/W2891633941","https://openalex.org/W3208169454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,66,79,93,222],"the":[2,68,124,168,176,194,200,203,207,227,238,276,287,295,298,308],"complex":[3],"interaction":[4],"of":[5,71,126,137,179,196,206,229,237,278,289,297,300],"urban":[6,15,37,76,312],"and":[7,24,47,62,105,112,190,211,245,253,269,292,306],"mountainous":[8,14,36,75],"floods,":[9],"assessing":[10],"flood":[11,33,69,81,84,89,234,282,313],"susceptibility":[12,34,70,235,283,314],"in":[13,21,35,141,202,216,226,255,266,281],"areas":[16,38,144],"presents":[17],"a":[18,73,135],"challenging":[19],"task":[20],"environmental":[22],"research":[23],"risk":[25],"analysis.":[26],"Data-driven":[27],"machine":[28,162],"learning":[29,57,155,163,198,218,248,280],"methods":[30],"can":[31,219],"evaluate":[32],"lacking":[39],"essential":[40],"hydrological":[41],"data,":[42],"utilizing":[43],"remote":[44],"sensing":[45],"data":[46],"limited":[48],"historical":[49],"inundation":[50],"records.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,132],"study,":[54],"two":[55],"ensemble":[56,154,197,217,247,279],"algorithms,":[58],"Random":[59],"Forest":[60],"(RF)":[61],"XGBoost,":[63],"were":[64,117,243],"adopted":[65],"assess":[67],"Kunming,":[72],"typical":[74],"area":[77,174],"prone":[78],"severe":[80],"disasters.":[82],"A":[83],"inventory":[85],"was":[86],"created":[87],"using":[88,316],"observations":[90],"from":[91,286],"2018":[92],"2022.":[94],"The":[95,149],"spatial":[96],"database":[97],"included":[98],"10":[99],"explanatory":[100],"factors,":[101],"encompassing":[102],"climatic,":[103],"geomorphic,":[104],"anthropogenic":[106],"factors.":[107],"Artificial":[108],"Neural":[109],"Network":[110],"(ANN)":[111],"Support":[113],"Vector":[114],"Machine":[115],"(SVM)":[116],"selected":[118],"for":[119,145,311],"model":[120,130],"comparison.":[121],"To":[122],"minimize":[123,223],"influence":[125],"expert":[127],"opinions":[128],"on":[129,303],"training,":[131],"study":[133,239],"employed":[134],"strategy":[136],"uniformly":[138],"random":[139],"sampling":[140],"historically":[142],"non-flooded":[143],"negative":[146,212,259,301],"sample":[147],"selection.":[148],"results":[150],"demonstrated":[151],"that":[152],"(1)":[153],"algorithms":[156,249],"offer":[157],"higher":[158],"accuracy":[159],"than":[160],"other":[161],"methods,":[164],"with":[165,257],"RF":[166],"achieving":[167],"highest":[169],"accuracy,":[170,290],"evidenced":[171,262],"by":[172,182,263],"an":[173],"under":[175],"curve":[177],"(AUC)":[178],"0.87,":[180],"followed":[181],"XGBoost":[183],"at":[184],"0.84,":[185],"surpassing":[186],"both":[187],"ANN":[188],"(0.83)":[189],"SVM":[191],"(0.82);":[192],"(2)":[193],"interpretability":[195],"highlighted":[199],"differences":[201],"potential":[204],"distribution":[205],"training":[208],"data\u2019s":[209],"positive":[210],"samples.":[213],"Feature":[214],"importance":[215],"be":[220],"utilized":[221],"human":[224],"bias":[225],"collection":[228],"flooded-site":[230],"samples,":[231,260],"more":[232],"targeted":[233],"maps":[236],"area\u2019s":[240],"road":[241],"network":[242],"obtained;":[244],"(3)":[246],"exhibited":[250],"greater":[251],"stability":[252],"robustness":[254],"datasets":[256],"varied":[258],"as":[261],"their":[264],"performance":[265],"F1-Score,":[267],"Kappa,":[268],"AUC":[270],"metrics.":[271],"This":[272],"paper":[273],"further":[274],"substantiates":[275],"superiority":[277],"assessment":[284,315],"tasks":[285],"perspectives":[288],"interpretability,":[291],"robustness,":[293],"enhances":[294],"understanding":[296],"impact":[299],"samples":[302],"such":[304],"assessments,":[305],"optimizes":[307],"specific":[309],"process":[310],"data-driven":[317],"methods.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
