{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389432651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245660","title":"Cloud-Type Classification for Southeast China Based on Geostationary Orbit EO Datasets and the LighGBM Model","display_name":"Cloud-Type Classification for Southeast China Based on Geostationary Orbit EO Datasets and the LighGBM Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389432651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15245660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245660","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5660/pdf?version=1702004212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5660/pdf?version=1702004212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091758959","display_name":"Jianan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-6902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101026525","display_name":"Yansong Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yansong Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064145516","display_name":"George P. Petropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-1423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32762134","display_name":"Harokopio University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5gp281","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George P. Petropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Harokopio University of Athens, EI. Venizelou 70, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Harokopio University of Athens, EI. Venizelou 70, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32762134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092540464","display_name":"Abouzar Mehraban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abouzar Mehraban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113065144","display_name":"Fang Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090337","display_name":"Shaanxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/0088q3d19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanning 530022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanning 530022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431921","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-8162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Service Centre, Xining 810001, China","School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Service Centre, Xining 810001, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101026525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.1575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52967602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"24","first_page":"5660","last_page":"5660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.7101006507873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6380040049552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6361908912658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.5743425488471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.53364098072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4891226887702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45608091354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41059309244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35165169835090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3429737091064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.13596367835998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11763030290603638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.7101006507873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6380040049552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6361908912658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5743425488471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.53364098072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4891226887702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45608091354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41059309244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35165169835090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3429737091064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.13596367835998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11763030290603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15245660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245660","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5660/pdf?version=1702004212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc6edf60ca324f16b1a7a5c45e0d02e5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc6edf60ca324f16b1a7a5c45e0d02e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 24, p 5660 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15245660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245660","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/24/5660/pdf?version=1702004212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2085501605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3493470626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023z034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5553682864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5182780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6169642286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAST2021-032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6279972872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51827806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6330607538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G825034329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKS-2022072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322423","display_name":"Ministry of Water Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04e698d63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334925","display_name":"Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkqta53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389432651.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W305798716","https://openalex.org/W1968513751","https://openalex.org/W1982413789","https://openalex.org/W2009690705","https://openalex.org/W2025669240","https://openalex.org/W2034326114","https://openalex.org/W2045470555","https://openalex.org/W2045573816","https://openalex.org/W2046734602","https://openalex.org/W2091537271","https://openalex.org/W2099201756","https://openalex.org/W2109020989","https://openalex.org/W2163947121","https://openalex.org/W2179219892","https://openalex.org/W2314685794","https://openalex.org/W2315144940","https://openalex.org/W2316771364","https://openalex.org/W2379150355","https://openalex.org/W2757749162","https://openalex.org/W2808135056","https://openalex.org/W2889664744","https://openalex.org/W2905547681","https://openalex.org/W2908603759","https://openalex.org/W2925291093","https://openalex.org/W2946072066","https://openalex.org/W2983717970","https://openalex.org/W3049207990","https://openalex.org/W3098499931","https://openalex.org/W3119987766","https://openalex.org/W3130488818","https://openalex.org/W3165052346","https://openalex.org/W3209192207","https://openalex.org/W3217149725","https://openalex.org/W4206674213","https://openalex.org/W4280556915","https://openalex.org/W4289550136","https://openalex.org/W4295927810","https://openalex.org/W4313578169","https://openalex.org/W4377288042","https://openalex.org/W4378902469","https://openalex.org/W4385636629","https://openalex.org/W7042641402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023364053","https://openalex.org/W137969429","https://openalex.org/W4386295066","https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W4225647658","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W4224941037","https://openalex.org/W1509177177","https://openalex.org/W2004826645","https://openalex.org/W3135818052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109],"study":[1,92,145],"of":[2,57,72,87,112,135,168,175,187],"clouds":[3],"and":[4,14,24,37,45,107,114,118,133,158,180,212],"their":[5],"characteristics":[6],"provides":[7,19],"important":[8],"information":[9,20],"for":[10,69,131],"understanding":[11],"climate":[12],"change":[13],"its":[15],"impacts":[16],"as":[17],"it":[18],"on":[21],"weather":[22],"conditions":[23],"forecasting.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,144,204],"study,":[28],"Earth":[29],"observation":[30],"(EO)":[31],"data":[32],"from":[33],"the":[34,55,76,85,88,124,136,141,149,184,188,193,200],"FY4A":[35],"AGRI":[36],"Himawari-8":[38],"CLP":[39],"products":[40],"were":[41,197],"used":[42],"to":[43,83],"classify":[44],"identify":[46],"distinct":[47],"cloud":[48],"types":[49],"in":[50,103,143],"southeastern":[51],"China.":[52],"To":[53],"reduce":[54],"impact":[56],"parallax":[58],"between":[59],"geostationary":[60],"satellites,":[61],"we":[62],"proposed":[63],"adopting":[64],"a":[65,164],"sliding":[66],"detection":[67],"method":[68,79,152],"quality":[70],"control":[71],"cloud-type":[73,105],"data.":[74],"Additionally,":[75,183],"Bayesian":[77,96],"optimization":[78,97],"was":[80,171,190],"employed":[81],"herein":[82],"tune":[84],"hyperparameters":[86],"LightGBM":[89],"model.":[90],"Our":[91],"results":[93,196],"demonstrated":[94],"that":[95,174],"significantly":[98],"increased":[99],"model":[100,142,165,189],"performance,":[101],"resulting":[102],"successful":[104],"classification":[106,126,195],"identification.":[108],"simultaneous":[110],"use":[111],"visible":[113],"shortwave":[115],"infrared":[116],"channels,":[117,122],"brightness":[119],"temperature":[120],"difference":[121],"enhanced":[123],"model\u2019s":[125,194],"performance.":[127],"Those":[128],"channels":[129],"accounted":[130],"43.79%":[132],"21.84%":[134],"overall":[137],"features,":[138],"respectively.":[139],"Certainly,":[140],"outperformed":[146],"compared":[147],"with":[148,199],"traditional":[150],"thresholding":[151],"(TT),":[153],"support":[154],"vector":[155],"machine":[156],"(SVM),":[157],"random":[159],"forest":[160],"(RF).":[161],"Results":[162],"showed":[163],"prediction":[166],"accuracy":[167],"97.54%,":[169],"which":[170],"higher":[172],"than":[173],"TT":[176,208],"(51.06%),":[177],"SVM":[178,210],"(96.47%),":[179],"RF":[181,213],"(97.49%).":[182],"Kappa":[185],"coefficient":[186],"0.951,":[191],"indicating":[192],"consistent":[198],"true":[201],"values.":[202],"Notably,":[203],"performance":[205],"also":[206],"surpassed":[207],"(0.351),":[209],"(0.929),":[211],"(0.950).":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
