{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388523947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225302","title":"Robust Fusion of Multi-Source Images for Accurate 3D Reconstruction of Complex Urban Scenes","display_name":"Robust Fusion of Multi-Source Images for Accurate 3D Reconstruction of Complex Urban Scenes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388523947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15225302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5302/pdf?version=1699541652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5302/pdf?version=1699541652","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657561","display_name":"Yubin Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yubin Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397508","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-0112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073931427","display_name":"Yifan Mu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686944","display_name":"Tiejun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100657561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.1632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92374709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"22","first_page":"5302","last_page":"5302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7807733416557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6631026268005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6507347822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6271710395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5158438086509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4692618250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.42492228746414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4127245545387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23012489080429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16945967078208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.16390520334243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10707205533981323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7807733416557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6631026268005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6507347822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6271710395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5158438086509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4692618250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.42492228746414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4127245545387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23012489080429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16945967078208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.16390520334243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10707205533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15225302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5302/pdf?version=1699541652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f2c19194bbd413c96b0f67f752fc4b4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f2c19194bbd413c96b0f67f752fc4b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 22, p 5302 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15225302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5302/pdf?version=1699541652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2113478129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022SKYZ269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336754","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G234821404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019FY202500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336754","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336754","display_name":"Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388523947.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979931042","https://openalex.org/W1992642990","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W2019400639","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2052094314","https://openalex.org/W2053854220","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2090020933","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2129201358","https://openalex.org/W2129404737","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2156598602","https://openalex.org/W2163446794","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2194206407","https://openalex.org/W2320444803","https://openalex.org/W2323453958","https://openalex.org/W2427881153","https://openalex.org/W2471962767","https://openalex.org/W2519683295","https://openalex.org/W2604901014","https://openalex.org/W2737094507","https://openalex.org/W2791668310","https://openalex.org/W2802591237","https://openalex.org/W2963760790","https://openalex.org/W2979458572","https://openalex.org/W3007264146","https://openalex.org/W3008371777","https://openalex.org/W3010242131","https://openalex.org/W3025573667","https://openalex.org/W3034275286","https://openalex.org/W3043075211","https://openalex.org/W3045642835","https://openalex.org/W3092233714","https://openalex.org/W3166285241","https://openalex.org/W3206421626","https://openalex.org/W3215794882","https://openalex.org/W4205104530","https://openalex.org/W4288455776","https://openalex.org/W4290052380","https://openalex.org/W4315471440","https://openalex.org/W4319966072","https://openalex.org/W4366986698","https://openalex.org/W4367693315","https://openalex.org/W4377861835","https://openalex.org/W4383989000","https://openalex.org/W6700698050","https://openalex.org/W6841439307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W2163330330","https://openalex.org/W1982137911","https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W4288060108","https://openalex.org/W2227743261","https://openalex.org/W2378211422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"reconstruction":[1,29,136],"is":[2,41,129,143,157],"crucial":[3],"for":[4,26],"3D":[5,28,98,101],"modeling":[6],"urban":[7,32],"scenes":[8,33],"using":[9,55,105],"multi-source":[10,39],"images.":[11],"However,":[12],"large":[13],"viewpoint":[14],"and":[15,52,72,114,125,149,163,184],"illumination":[16],"variations":[17],"pose":[18],"challenges":[19],"to":[20,84,95,132],"existing":[21],"solutions.":[22],"A":[23],"novel":[24,107],"approach":[25],"accurate":[27,135],"of":[30,38,137,182],"complex":[31],"based":[34,66,78,120],"on":[35,67,79,121,145],"robust":[36],"fusion":[37],"images":[40,54,74],"proposed.":[42],"Firstly,":[43],"georeferenced":[44],"sparse":[45,116],"models":[46,117],"are":[47,64,75,93,103,118,152],"reconstructed":[48],"from":[49],"the":[50,80,90,112,122,126,138,173,177],"terrestrial":[51,71,113],"aerial":[53,73,115],"GNSS-aided":[56],"incremental":[57],"SfM,":[58],"respectively.":[59],"Then,":[60],"cross-platform":[61,86,97],"match":[62,82],"pairs":[63,83],"selected":[65,81],"point-on-image":[68],"observability.":[69],"The":[70,100,140,154],"robustly":[76],"matched":[77],"generate":[85],"tie":[87,91],"points.":[88],"Thirdly,":[89],"points":[92],"triangulated":[94],"derive":[96],"correspondences.":[99],"correspondences":[102],"refined":[104,123],"a":[106,160],"outlier":[108],"detection":[109],"method.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"merged":[119],"correspondences,":[124],"integrated":[127],"model":[128],"globally":[130],"optimized":[131],"obtain":[133],"an":[134],"scene.":[139],"proposed":[141,155,174],"methodology":[142,162,175],"evaluated":[144],"five":[146],"benchmark":[147],"datasets,":[148],"extensive":[150],"experiments":[151],"performed.":[153],"pipeline":[156],"compared":[158],"with":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"three":[164],"widely":[165],"used":[166],"software":[167],"packages.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"that":[172],"outperforms":[176],"other":[178],"pipelines":[179],"in":[180],"terms":[181],"robustness":[183],"accuracy.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}