{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387170826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194766","title":"Evaluating the Performance of the Greenbelt Policy in Beijing Using Multi-Source Long-Term Satellite Observations from 2000 to 2020","display_name":"Evaluating the Performance of the Greenbelt Policy in Beijing Using Multi-Source Long-Term Satellite Observations from 2000 to 2020","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387170826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4766/pdf?version=1695959110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4766/pdf?version=1695959110","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083878407","display_name":"Fang-Ying Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fang-Ying Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Government and National Government Lab, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China","School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Government and National Government Lab, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406854","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-1710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090920","display_name":"Zhangqiu City People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fts7a69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources Bureau of Zhangqiu District, Jinan 250200, China","School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources Bureau of Zhangqiu District, Jinan 250200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083878407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3151,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58444181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"19","first_page":"4766","last_page":"4766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.9013866186141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.878600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6232863664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5946372151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.503222644329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.48959189653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4695948362350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.41974204778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3875608444213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3269292116165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.28854501247406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.11315616965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06402036547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0540899932384491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.9013866186141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.878600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6232863664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5946372151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.503222644329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.48959189653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4695948362350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.41974204778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3875608444213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3269292116165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.28854501247406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.11315616965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06402036547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0540899932384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4766/pdf?version=1695959110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9af575bc88ec4b458a1caa86dafa2754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9af575bc88ec4b458a1caa86dafa2754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 19, p 4766 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/19/4766/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15194766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15194766","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/19/4766/pdf?version=1695959110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3744313044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Social","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6760243013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322499","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387170826.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618764699","https://openalex.org/W1165474006","https://openalex.org/W1974047452","https://openalex.org/W1981028777","https://openalex.org/W1996351965","https://openalex.org/W2026183251","https://openalex.org/W2038990264","https://openalex.org/W2059444176","https://openalex.org/W2074398030","https://openalex.org/W2085023381","https://openalex.org/W2111841011","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2119736320","https://openalex.org/W2134407308","https://openalex.org/W2142082112","https://openalex.org/W2142730348","https://openalex.org/W2144354331","https://openalex.org/W2157238379","https://openalex.org/W2160816846","https://openalex.org/W2170797800","https://openalex.org/W2261645655","https://openalex.org/W2497200023","https://openalex.org/W2592532736","https://openalex.org/W2767459136","https://openalex.org/W2792581362","https://openalex.org/W2794066332","https://openalex.org/W2899169593","https://openalex.org/W2916109071","https://openalex.org/W2964615925","https://openalex.org/W3041470910","https://openalex.org/W3183952046","https://openalex.org/W3197222289","https://openalex.org/W3208239357","https://openalex.org/W4200208778","https://openalex.org/W4210419831","https://openalex.org/W4226060363","https://openalex.org/W4281742859","https://openalex.org/W4307992888","https://openalex.org/W4395012011","https://openalex.org/W6804956987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W2382418233","https://openalex.org/W2369897927","https://openalex.org/W3031731056","https://openalex.org/W4293167957","https://openalex.org/W2361035307","https://openalex.org/W2380455807","https://openalex.org/W2993975634","https://openalex.org/W2367835030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beijing":[0,45,118],"is":[1],"among":[2],"the":[3,24,38,41,65,85,92,95,98,114,124,176,183,191,215,218,223,240,257,264,282,297,305],"first":[4],"cities":[5,325],"in":[6,22,44,51,88,101,117,133,137,150,154,165,175,197,256,271,281,303,310,316],"China":[7],"to":[8,13,53,79,83,112,135,146,152,237,250,278,323],"implement":[9],"a":[10,19,162,187,198,202,228,245,279,288],"greenbelt":[11,42,99,308],"policy":[12],"improve":[14],"urban":[15,25,238],"vegetation,":[16],"which":[17],"plays":[18],"crucial":[20],"role":[21],"enhancing":[23],"ecological":[26],"environment.":[27],"The":[28,103,139,157,312],"policies":[29,43,100,309],"have":[30],"shown":[31],"remarkable":[32],"results.":[33],"However,":[34],"long-term":[35,61,300],"evaluation":[36,313],"of":[37,40,64,94,97,126,141,172,211,253,299,307],"performance":[39,208,306],"has":[46,287],"not":[47],"been":[48],"carried":[49],"out":[50],"order":[52],"quantitatively":[54],"evaluate":[55],"their":[56],"effectiveness.":[57],"In":[58,262],"this":[59,317],"study,":[60],"satellite":[62,301],"observations":[63,302],"normalized":[66],"difference":[67],"vegetation":[68],"index":[69],"(NDVI),":[70],"land":[71,274],"surface":[72,275],"temperature,":[73],"precipitation,":[74],"and":[75,90,201],"night-light":[76],"from":[77,131,148],"2000":[78,111,134,151],"2020":[80],"are":[81,106],"used":[82],"investigate":[84],"spatio-temporal":[86],"variabilities":[87],"NDVI":[89,116,167,177,233,258,292],"explore":[91],"mechanisms":[93],"impacts":[96],"Beijing.":[102,311],"main":[104],"results":[105],"as":[107],"follows:":[108],"(1)":[109],"From":[110],"2020,":[113],"overall":[115],"exhibited":[119],"an":[120,169,251,269],"upward":[121],"trend,":[122,204],"with":[123,291],"proportion":[125,140],"high-NDVI":[127],"(&gt;0.8)":[128],"areas":[129,144],"increasing":[130],"26.18%":[132],"53.64%":[136],"2020.":[138,155],"low-NDVI":[142],"(&lt;0.2)":[143],"continued":[145],"decrease":[147,280],"0.64%":[149],"0.2%":[153],"(2)":[156],"1st":[158,224],"Greenbelt":[159,193,225,242],"Zone":[160,194,226,243],"shows":[161,267],"significant":[163,246],"increase":[164,171,252,270],"its":[166,207],"(with":[168],"average":[170,273],"0.296":[173],"units":[174,255],"at":[178,259],"district":[179,260],"level),":[180],"indicating":[181,205],"that":[182,206,268],"policy\u2019s":[184],"implementation":[185],"had":[186,227],"notable":[188],"effect,":[189,248],"while":[190,222,284],"2nd":[192,241],"was":[195],"mainly":[196],"degraded":[199],"state":[200],"declining":[203],"fell":[209],"short":[210],"expectations.":[212],"(3)":[213],"During":[214],"preparation":[216],"for":[217],"2008":[219],"Summer":[220],"Olympics,":[221],"slightly":[229],"negative":[230],"effect":[231],"on":[232],"improvement,":[234],"probably":[235],"due":[236],"re-construction,":[239],"showed":[244],"positive":[247,289],"leading":[249],"0.013":[254],"level.":[261],"addition,":[263],"correlation":[265],"analysis":[266],"annual":[272,285],"temperature":[276],"leads":[277],"NDVI,":[283],"precipitation":[286],"relationship":[290],"changes.":[293],"This":[294],"study":[295,318],"highlights":[296],"importance":[298],"evaluating":[304],"approach":[314],"developed":[315],"can":[319],"be":[320],"readily":[321],"applied":[322],"similar":[324],"globally.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
