{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386420762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174322","title":"Optimizing an Algorithm Designed for Sparse-Frequency Waveforms for Use in Airborne Radars","display_name":"Optimizing an Algorithm Designed for Sparse-Frequency Waveforms for Use in Airborne Radars","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386420762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174322","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4322/pdf?version=1693580018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4322/pdf?version=1693580018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006129657","display_name":"Ming\u2010Feng Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-9702"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039192135","display_name":"Wenchong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-5861"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenchong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050330053","display_name":"Yuanyi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-5712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444613","display_name":"Hu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-8441"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Radar Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031383462","display_name":"Qizhe Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qizhe Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065218710","display_name":"Zhenshuo Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenshuo Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039192135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.0583,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92554341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"17","first_page":"4322","last_page":"4322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7165497541427612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6951420307159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.6497589349746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stopband","display_name":"Stopband","score":0.6038321256637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5834071040153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5356869697570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5224915146827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.48562541604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4432831406593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3830522298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34689319133758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3307257294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18257519602775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14150530099868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1287234127521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.11182332038879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.08339807391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.07389476895332336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7165497541427612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6951420307159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.6497589349746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46271340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971063","display_name":"Stopband","level":3,"score":0.6038321256637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5834071040153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5356869697570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5224915146827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.48562541604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4432831406593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3830522298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34689319133758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3307257294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18257519602775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14150530099868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1287234127521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.11182332038879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.08339807391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07389476895332336}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174322","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4322/pdf?version=1693580018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9f29dc80e23437d9cda995a966dfda0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9f29dc80e23437d9cda995a966dfda0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 4322 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/17/4322/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15174322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174322","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4322/pdf?version=1693580018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386420762.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592400275","https://openalex.org/W1767817030","https://openalex.org/W1983874639","https://openalex.org/W1990958021","https://openalex.org/W2004880610","https://openalex.org/W2019141986","https://openalex.org/W2037050360","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2071652847","https://openalex.org/W2077811569","https://openalex.org/W2102851650","https://openalex.org/W2104600236","https://openalex.org/W2105327869","https://openalex.org/W2117290785","https://openalex.org/W2118799287","https://openalex.org/W2130993449","https://openalex.org/W2132702454","https://openalex.org/W2134320350","https://openalex.org/W2137632745","https://openalex.org/W2158685194","https://openalex.org/W2159988523","https://openalex.org/W2161391652","https://openalex.org/W2195832715","https://openalex.org/W2268738070","https://openalex.org/W2586840420","https://openalex.org/W2767812877","https://openalex.org/W3176682250","https://openalex.org/W3199547649","https://openalex.org/W4293206667","https://openalex.org/W4312414316","https://openalex.org/W4312588616","https://openalex.org/W4313014471","https://openalex.org/W4313316328","https://openalex.org/W4319068900","https://openalex.org/W4367016589","https://openalex.org/W4378473301","https://openalex.org/W4384298099","https://openalex.org/W4384557734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977334241","https://openalex.org/W2381909858","https://openalex.org/W2132666973","https://openalex.org/W2063028119","https://openalex.org/W2607002004","https://openalex.org/W2588059692","https://openalex.org/W3018648682","https://openalex.org/W2326036955","https://openalex.org/W2975650512","https://openalex.org/W2024367938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-frequency":[0],"bands":[1],"are":[2],"an":[3,64],"important":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,129,145,149],"realize":[7,130],"stealth":[8],"target":[9],"detection":[10],"for":[11,67,70],"airborne":[12,22,73],"radars.":[13,74],"However,":[14],"in":[15,72,90],"a":[16,31,78,109],"complex":[17],"electromagnetic":[18],"environment;":[19],"when":[20],"low-frequency":[21],"radar":[23],"operates":[24],"over":[25],"land,":[26],"it":[27],"will":[28],"inevitably":[29],"encounter":[30],"lot":[32],"of":[33,42,53,86,100,134],"unintentional":[34],"communication":[35],"and":[36,94,155],"intentional":[37],"interference,":[38],"while":[39,137],"effective":[40,132],"suppression":[41,133],"interference":[43,136],"can":[44,122],"not":[45],"be":[46],"achieved":[47],"only":[48],"through":[49],"the":[50,54,84,91,96,115,124,131,147,161],"adaptive":[51],"processing":[52],"receiver.":[55],"To":[56],"solve":[57],"this":[58,60],"problem,":[59],"paper":[61],"proposes":[62],"optimizing":[63],"algorithm":[65,76,112,162],"designed":[66],"sparse-frequency":[68],"waveforms":[69],"use":[71],"The":[75,104],"establishes":[77],"joint":[79],"objective":[80],"function":[81],"based":[82,113],"on":[83,114],"criteria":[85],"minimizing":[87,95],"waveform":[88,105],"energy":[89],"spectrum":[92],"stopband":[93,127],"integrated":[97],"sidelobe":[98],"level":[99],"specified":[101,142],"range":[102,143],"cells.":[103],"is":[106],"optimized":[107],"by":[108],"cyclic":[110],"iterative":[111],"Fast":[116],"Fourier":[117],"Transform":[118],"(FFT)":[119],"operation.":[120],"It":[121],"ensure":[123],"frequency":[125],"domain":[126],"constraint":[128],"main-lobe":[135],"forming":[138],"lower-range":[139],"sidelobes":[140],"at":[141],"cells":[144],"improve":[146],"ability":[148],"detect":[150],"dim":[151],"targets.":[152],"Theoretical":[153],"analysis":[154],"simulation":[156],"results":[157],"have":[158],"shown":[159],"that":[160],"has":[163],"good":[164],"anti-interference":[165],"performance.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-16T09:10:04.655348","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
