{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386032042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164104","title":"Spatiotemporal Weighted for Improving the Satellite-Based High-Resolution Ground PM2.5 Estimation Using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Weighted for Improving the Satellite-Based High-Resolution Ground PM2.5 Estimation Using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386032042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4104/pdf?version=1692679310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4104/pdf?version=1692679310","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065868145","display_name":"Xinyu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977777","display_name":"Mengzhu Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengzhu Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085247548","display_name":"Liyang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-4969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liyang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101627222","display_name":"Hui Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-6485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085247548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8414,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83723333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"16","first_page":"4104","last_page":"4104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7087045907974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.48740532994270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.4819300174713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.47952011227607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulates","display_name":"Particulates","score":0.47746753692626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol","display_name":"Aerosol","score":0.4203191101551056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41825687885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.32680895924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3236343264579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26178625226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.17558002471923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16979658603668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14623412489891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12382861971855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11441019177436829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7087045907974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.48740532994270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.4819300174713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.47952011227607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.47746753692626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.4203191101551056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41825687885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.32680895924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3236343264579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26178625226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.17558002471923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16979658603668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14623412489891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12382861971855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11441019177436829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4104/pdf?version=1692679310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:957656f10e0c41e99415866aaa75c9f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/957656f10e0c41e99415866aaa75c9f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 16, p 4104 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/16/4104/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 16; Pages: 4104","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15164104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15164104","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/16/4104/pdf?version=1692679310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4875101255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42005031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6884967817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22102110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386032042.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1829241487","https://openalex.org/W1970486901","https://openalex.org/W1982822400","https://openalex.org/W2014926829","https://openalex.org/W2047323407","https://openalex.org/W2073199141","https://openalex.org/W2284873887","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2402894798","https://openalex.org/W2480175994","https://openalex.org/W2734727749","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2776069591","https://openalex.org/W2800133189","https://openalex.org/W2804076223","https://openalex.org/W2904851601","https://openalex.org/W2910950772","https://openalex.org/W2912750253","https://openalex.org/W2921912477","https://openalex.org/W2948834265","https://openalex.org/W2951572255","https://openalex.org/W2953978338","https://openalex.org/W2971270198","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W3004824971","https://openalex.org/W3008786855","https://openalex.org/W3009672314","https://openalex.org/W3081125651","https://openalex.org/W3096846826","https://openalex.org/W3097445852","https://openalex.org/W3119987766","https://openalex.org/W3122817556","https://openalex.org/W3122993262","https://openalex.org/W3127620735","https://openalex.org/W3169577678","https://openalex.org/W3174731752","https://openalex.org/W3175631596","https://openalex.org/W3177636349","https://openalex.org/W3192787274","https://openalex.org/W3202607781","https://openalex.org/W4200423297","https://openalex.org/W4211081523","https://openalex.org/W4213330358","https://openalex.org/W4225588465","https://openalex.org/W4245699582","https://openalex.org/W4281493773","https://openalex.org/W4287878590","https://openalex.org/W4296681405","https://openalex.org/W4367310751","https://openalex.org/W4372233708","https://openalex.org/W4377014805","https://openalex.org/W4380193790","https://openalex.org/W4390994201","https://openalex.org/W6800130279","https://openalex.org/W6853446930","https://openalex.org/W6854415872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126136541","https://openalex.org/W2896789315","https://openalex.org/W2941835033","https://openalex.org/W4213416983","https://openalex.org/W3040270278","https://openalex.org/W2019281257","https://openalex.org/W3196990708","https://openalex.org/W2165583849","https://openalex.org/W626601394","https://openalex.org/W2998338862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"fine":[1,291],"particulate":[2],"matter":[3],"(PM)":[4],"with":[5,173,196,242],"a":[6,36,55,215,235,267,290],"diameter":[7],"of":[8,64,84,92,111,122,138,226],"less":[9],"than":[10],"2.5":[11],"microns":[12],"(PM2.5)":[13],"negatively":[14],"impacts":[15],"human":[16],"health":[17],"and":[18,25,39,48,87,107,133,164,186,191,270,285],"the":[19,46,81,89,108,112,123,139,165,180,189,192,223,227,232,243],"economy.":[20],"However,":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,43,74,101,154,240,254,260],"data":[24,34],"model":[26,78,104,124],"limitations,":[27],"obtaining":[28,274],"high-quality,":[29],"high-spatial-resolution":[30],"surface":[31,94],"PM2.5":[32,52,90,149,158,175,198,211,276],"concentration":[33,91,159],"is":[35,41,279],"challenging":[37],"task,":[38],"it":[40],"difficult":[42],"accurately":[44],"assess":[45],"temporal":[47],"spatial":[49,217],"changes":[50],"in":[51,179,188,194,212,231,247,252,257],"levels":[53,193,199],"at":[54,95,127,289],"small":[56],"regional":[57],"scale.":[58,292],"Here,":[59],"we":[60],"combined":[61],"multi-angle":[62],"implementation":[63],"atmospheric":[65],"correction":[66],"(MAIAC)":[67],"aerosol":[68],"products,":[69],"ERA5":[70],"reanalysis":[71],"data,":[72,277],"etc.,":[73],"construct":[75],"an":[76,220],"STW-LightGBM":[77],"that":[79,148],"considers":[80],"spatiotemporal":[82],"characteristics":[83],"air":[85,283],"pollution":[86,150],"estimate":[88],"China\u2019s":[93],"1":[96],"km":[97],"resolution":[98],"from":[99,152,238,249],"2015":[100,153,239,253],"2020.":[102,155,258],"Our":[103],"performed":[105],"well,":[106],"fitting":[109,120],"accuracy":[110,121],"10-fold":[113],"cross-validation":[114],"between":[115],"years":[116],"was":[117,125,142],"0.877\u20130.917.":[118],"The":[119,135,145,156,171,206],"&gt;0.85":[126],"different":[128],"time":[129],"scales":[130],"(month,":[131],"season,":[132],"year).":[134],"average":[136,157,224],"slope":[137],"regression":[140],"prediction":[141],"0.9":[143],"annually.":[144],"results":[146],"showed":[147,214,234],"improved":[151],"decreased":[160],"by":[161],"4.55":[162],"\u03bcg/m3,":[163],"maximum":[166],"decrease":[167],"reached":[168],"90.51":[169],"\u03bcg/m3.":[170],"areas":[172,195],"high":[174],"concentrations":[176],"were":[177,200],"predominantly":[178],"North":[181],"China":[182,213],"Plain,":[183],"Sichuan":[184],"Basin,":[185],"Xinjiang":[187],"west,":[190],"elevated":[197],"consistent":[201],"across":[202],"most":[203,244],"study":[204],"years.":[205],"standard":[207],"deviation":[208],"ellipse":[209],"for":[210,273,281],"\u2018northeast\u2013southwest\u2019":[216],"distribution.":[218],"From":[219],"interannual":[221],"perspective,":[222],"values":[225],"four":[228],"seasonal":[229],"stations":[230],"country":[233],"downward":[236],"trend":[237],"2020,":[241],"obvious":[245],"decline":[246],"winter,":[248],"70.67":[250],"\u03bcg/m3":[251,256],"46.75":[255],"Compared":[259],"earlier":[261],"inversion":[262],"studies,":[263],"this":[264],"work":[265],"provides":[266],"more":[268],"stable":[269],"accurate":[271],"method":[272],"high-resolution":[275],"which":[278],"necessary":[280],"local":[282],"governance":[284],"environmental":[286],"ecological":[287],"construction":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
