{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385224500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637","title":"Fast SAR Image Simulation Based on Echo Matrix Cell Algorithm Including Multiple Scattering","display_name":"Fast SAR Image Simulation Based on Echo Matrix Cell Algorithm Including Multiple Scattering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385224500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3637/pdf?version=1689930336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3637/pdf?version=1689930336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101851811","display_name":"Ke Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8568-6405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005825479","display_name":"Guowang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-8101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guowang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085036181","display_name":"Xin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-4207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749831","display_name":"Hongmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4921-124X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064385937","display_name":"Limei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-3514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005825479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":10.6188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97609011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"14","first_page":"3637","last_page":"3637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7041372656822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6961848735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6754433512687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5107676982879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.42660921812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.33947619795799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2768245339393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.25103020668029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2191770374774933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7041372656822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6961848735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6754433512687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5107676982879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.42660921812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.33947619795799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2768245339393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.25103020668029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2191770374774933}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3637/pdf?version=1689930336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08d875f6235d452489fd4cb7141e2fad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08d875f6235d452489fd4cb7141e2fad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 14, p 3637 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/14/3637/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 14; Pages: 3637","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3637/pdf?version=1689930336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3233134163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41474010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5848258319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967749101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385224500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385224500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127697324","https://openalex.org/W334206207","https://openalex.org/W1991883443","https://openalex.org/W2007957470","https://openalex.org/W2037383009","https://openalex.org/W2049061537","https://openalex.org/W2056201843","https://openalex.org/W2074445510","https://openalex.org/W2089470269","https://openalex.org/W2093137079","https://openalex.org/W2096003637","https://openalex.org/W2096853382","https://openalex.org/W2103290993","https://openalex.org/W2112024307","https://openalex.org/W2114687534","https://openalex.org/W2135277117","https://openalex.org/W2139020221","https://openalex.org/W2141631790","https://openalex.org/W2148729667","https://openalex.org/W2158711754","https://openalex.org/W2158834404","https://openalex.org/W2162124701","https://openalex.org/W2169621722","https://openalex.org/W2325032990","https://openalex.org/W2525330983","https://openalex.org/W2533511057","https://openalex.org/W2543998736","https://openalex.org/W2789830462","https://openalex.org/W3000123378","https://openalex.org/W3135325057","https://openalex.org/W3216445210","https://openalex.org/W4224433851","https://openalex.org/W4251410852","https://openalex.org/W4309737278","https://openalex.org/W6729066070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026860918","https://openalex.org/W2035593284","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2225281849","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2612145225","https://openalex.org/W2161058488","https://openalex.org/W2059660610","https://openalex.org/W2324949438","https://openalex.org/W2469797871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,216],"present":[1],"a":[2,126],"novel":[3],"fast":[4],"synthetic":[5,165],"aperture":[6,166],"radar":[7],"(SAR)":[8],"image":[9,28],"simulation":[10,29,72,196],"method":[11,212],"based":[12,97],"on":[13,70,98,224],"the":[14,24,32,35,41,46,54,62,71,79,85,99,106,111,114,120,134,144,149,152,156,164,174,180,207,210,225,228,236,239],"echo":[15,100,107,131,135,169],"matrix":[16,101,108,136],"cell":[17,102,109],"algorithm":[18,82,177],"including":[19,89,189],"multiple":[20,86],"scattering.":[21],"To":[22],"improve":[23],"efficiency":[25,200],"of":[26,34,73,113,148,155,209,227,238],"SAR":[27,47,130,182,230],"while":[30],"ensuring":[31],"fidelity":[33,226],"simulated":[36,181,229],"results,":[37],"we":[38,77,104,185],"first":[39],"discretized":[40],"target":[42,115,162],"facets":[43],"set":[44,105],"in":[45,140],"beams":[48],"footprint":[49],"into":[50],"lattice":[51,161],"targets":[52,188],"using":[53,173],"range-Doppler":[55],"(RD)":[56],"imaging":[57,176],"geometry":[58],"model":[59],"and":[60,92,118,192,213,221],"provided":[61],"basis":[63],"for":[64,129,159,195],"simulating":[65],"electromagnetic":[66,74],"wave":[67],"transmission.":[68],"Based":[69],"waves":[75],"transmission,":[76],"used":[78],"ray":[80],"tracing":[81],"to":[83,124,142,178],"calculate":[84],"backscattering":[87,116,146],"field":[88,117,147],"multi-polarimetric":[90],"information":[91],"various":[93],"material":[94],"properties.":[95],"Then,":[96],"algorithm,":[103],"as":[110],"subfield":[112],"designed":[119],"CUDA":[121],"kernel":[122],"function":[123],"implement":[125],"computation":[127,199],"parallelization":[128],"generation.":[132],"All":[133],"cells":[137],"are":[138],"traversed":[139],"parallel":[141],"obtain":[143,179],"total":[145],"target,":[150],"reproducing":[151],"time-varying":[153],"characteristic":[154],"backscatter":[157],"coefficient":[158],"each":[160],"within":[163],"time.":[167],"The":[168,198,232],"signal":[170],"is":[171,201],"processed":[172],"RD":[175],"image.":[183],"Finally,":[184],"select":[186],"some":[187,219],"aircraft":[190],"carrier":[191],"airplane":[193],"models":[194],"tests.":[197],"improved":[202],"over":[203],"170-fold":[204],"by":[205],"comparing":[206],"computations":[208],"proposed":[211,240],"CPU":[214],"single-thread.":[215],"also":[217],"performed":[218],"qualitative":[220],"quantitative":[222],"evaluations":[223],"images.":[231],"experimental":[233],"results":[234],"verify":[235],"effectiveness":[237],"method.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
