{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384828452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143587","title":"Modeling and Dynamic Radar Cross-Section Estimation of Chaff Clouds for Real-Time Simulation","display_name":"Modeling and Dynamic Radar Cross-Section Estimation of Chaff Clouds for Real-Time Simulation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384828452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143587","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3587/pdf?version=1689671923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3587/pdf?version=1689671923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068125037","display_name":"Jun-Seon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-6264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Seon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Communication Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Communication Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084827508","display_name":"Uk Jin Jung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uk Jin Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017274137","display_name":"Su-Hong Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su-Hong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091042507","display_name":"Dong-Yeob Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-9225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Yeob Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Communication Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Communication Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077329486","display_name":"Moonhong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-2821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moonhong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083512717","display_name":"Dongwoo Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-5548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongwoo Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043976004","display_name":"Dong-Wook Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Wook Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radio Communication Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radio Communication Engineering/Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043976004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.842,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70317158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"14","first_page":"3587","last_page":"3587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaff","display_name":"Chaff","score":0.9397323131561279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6472294330596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.5070929527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.49298927187919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.45413216948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3708497881889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3558243215084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3511878550052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16064077615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10106363892555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10075679421424866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78573896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30470787","display_name":"Chaff","level":2,"score":0.9397323131561279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6472294330596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.5070929527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.49298927187919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.45413216948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3708497881889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3558243215084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3511878550052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16064077615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10106363892555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10075679421424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143587","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3587/pdf?version=1689671923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f684670d3a2c417e9e5d65493262a430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f684670d3a2c417e9e5d65493262a430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 14, p 3587 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/14/3587/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 14; Pages: 3587","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15143587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143587","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3587/pdf?version=1689671923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2792835908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD200043CD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5002701594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD200043CD.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384828452.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535826855","https://openalex.org/W1966721366","https://openalex.org/W2033771622","https://openalex.org/W2080648887","https://openalex.org/W2104536910","https://openalex.org/W2126168665","https://openalex.org/W2138580617","https://openalex.org/W2153229198","https://openalex.org/W2247902801","https://openalex.org/W2536677465","https://openalex.org/W2566233254","https://openalex.org/W2589011301","https://openalex.org/W2741322890","https://openalex.org/W2886248255","https://openalex.org/W2898958106","https://openalex.org/W2911656941","https://openalex.org/W2982005151","https://openalex.org/W3005953947","https://openalex.org/W3125050293","https://openalex.org/W3146610349","https://openalex.org/W3175136803","https://openalex.org/W4280571928","https://openalex.org/W4284900246","https://openalex.org/W4288072110","https://openalex.org/W4380079037","https://openalex.org/W6742039380","https://openalex.org/W6792494704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2429714079","https://openalex.org/W2365762530","https://openalex.org/W2157107224","https://openalex.org/W2888980587","https://openalex.org/W2391791060","https://openalex.org/W2391795746","https://openalex.org/W2028780127","https://openalex.org/W3168129058","https://openalex.org/W3094505422","https://openalex.org/W2041813565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chaff":[0],"is":[1,22,31,158],"a":[2,27,115,144,175],"passive":[3],"jammer":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,25,34,70,147,194],"disrupt":[8],"radar":[9,73],"or":[10,131],"radio-frequency":[11],"sensors.":[12],"A":[13],"mass":[14],"of":[15,42,56,76,87,95,99,129,139,149],"chaff":[16,28,43,47,59,78,89,162,184,196],"fibers":[17,44,197],"dispersed":[18],"in":[19,37,80],"the":[20,39,46,54,72,77,85,88,93,127,135,140,166,187,189],"air":[21],"commonly":[23],"referred":[24],"as":[26,61,97,126],"cloud.":[29,48],"It":[30],"nearly":[32],"impossible":[33],"numerically":[35,57],"simulate":[36],"real-time":[38,161],"enormous":[40],"amount":[41],"composing":[45],"In":[49,186],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,91],"model":[53,84],"behavior":[55],"estimated":[58,170],"clouds":[60],"probability":[62],"density":[63],"functions":[64,98],"(PDFs)":[65],"and":[66,101,110,165,169,198],"apply":[67],"approximation":[68,106,141],"techniques":[69,142],"estimate":[71],"cross-section":[74],"(RCS)":[75],"cloud":[79,163],"real":[81],"time.":[82],"To":[83],"aerodynamics":[86],"cloud,":[90],"represented":[92],"combination":[94],"PDFs":[96],"time":[100,117],"wind":[102],"speed.":[103],"The":[104,155],"applied":[105],"techniques\u2014vector":[107],"radiative":[108],"transfer":[109],"generalized":[111],"equivalent":[112],"conductor":[113],"method\u2014showed":[114],"computation":[116],"that":[118],"cannot":[119],"be":[120,174],"achieved":[121],"by":[122],"low-frequency":[123],"methods":[124,182],"such":[125],"method":[128],"moments":[130],"finite-difference":[132],"time-domain.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"dynamic":[136,171],"RCS":[137],"results":[138],"showed":[143],"similar":[145,153],"trend":[146],"those":[148],"other":[150],"studies":[151],"simulating":[152],"situations.":[154],"proposed":[156,190],"scheme":[157,191],"effective":[159],"for":[160,178,183],"simulation,":[164],"modeled":[167],"dynamics":[168],"RCSs":[172],"can":[173],"standard":[176],"baseline":[177],"developing":[179],"new":[180],"analysis":[181],"clouds.":[185],"future,":[188],"will":[192],"extend":[193],"more":[195,199],"diverse":[200],"environmental":[201],"parameters.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
