{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383551442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133417","title":"Bi-Objective Crop Mapping from Sentinel-2 Images Based on Multiple Deep Learning Networks","display_name":"Bi-Objective Crop Mapping from Sentinel-2 Images Based on Multiple Deep Learning Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383551442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15133417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133417","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3417/pdf?version=1688619640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3417/pdf?version=1688619640","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002294425","display_name":"Weichen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-6236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101793054","display_name":"Aiqing Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aiqing Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058689893","display_name":"Guojie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8613-0003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045371717","display_name":"Qixia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-4773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068947880","display_name":"Wen Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073612680","display_name":"Xikun Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xikun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030157670","display_name":"Y. Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-3383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039053871","display_name":"Solomon Obiri Yeboah Amankwah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-3719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Obiri Yeboah Amankwah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102639509","display_name":"Feihong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feihong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metcorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701075","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-5522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101793054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.2003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95626596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"13","first_page":"3417","last_page":"3417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7223227620124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6215707063674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5881866216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.562584638595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4977121651172638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.46173059940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.43427151441574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41361871361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.36039847135543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3428078293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11170080304145813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7223227620124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6215707063674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5881866216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.562584638595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4977121651172638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.46173059940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.43427151441574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41361871361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36039847135543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3428078293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11170080304145813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15133417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133417","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3417/pdf?version=1688619640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b1ead3bbae340f1b0df5f3bb966f8a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b1ead3bbae340f1b0df5f3bb966f8a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 13, p 3417 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/13/3417/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 13; Pages: 3417","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15133417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133417","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/13/3417/pdf?version=1688619640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321569","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333034","display_name":"Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383551442.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891144596","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1949049686","https://openalex.org/W1979138737","https://openalex.org/W1991361881","https://openalex.org/W1996061706","https://openalex.org/W1999277905","https://openalex.org/W2070685944","https://openalex.org/W2091149943","https://openalex.org/W2092985495","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2260143628","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2283002322","https://openalex.org/W2407655494","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2538244214","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2607245364","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2621021710","https://openalex.org/W2730238284","https://openalex.org/W2736981815","https://openalex.org/W2791364611","https://openalex.org/W2793461576","https://openalex.org/W2886623289","https://openalex.org/W2905804836","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2957077982","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963741402","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2988656079","https://openalex.org/W2995788753","https://openalex.org/W3001516132","https://openalex.org/W3009140380","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3015527879","https://openalex.org/W3017113337","https://openalex.org/W3037002701","https://openalex.org/W3045270154","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3163590545","https://openalex.org/W3177480462","https://openalex.org/W3181788155","https://openalex.org/W3189133113","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W4200374549","https://openalex.org/W4205813963","https://openalex.org/W4226281299","https://openalex.org/W4280496611","https://openalex.org/W4283751526","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W6772156886","https://openalex.org/W6797399245","https://openalex.org/W6980564038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W4308716060","https://openalex.org/W3158157485","https://openalex.org/W2243550366","https://openalex.org/W3000407446","https://openalex.org/W2103550798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"assessment":[1],"of":[2,5,38,72,80,120,138,146,156,168,207,245],"the":[3,39,69,78,87,101,114,118,121,126,166,194,214],"extent":[4],"crop":[6,11,46],"distribution":[7],"and":[8,17,22,32,42,65,97,106,125,148,210,228,242,248],"mapping":[9,196,220,244],"different":[10,81],"types":[12],"are":[13],"essential":[14],"for":[15,29,45,173,193,240],"monitoring":[16],"managing":[18],"modern":[19],"agriculture.":[20],"Medium":[21],"high":[23,219],"spatial":[24],"resolution":[25],"remote":[26],"sensing":[27],"(RS)":[28],"Earth":[30,58],"observation":[31],"deep":[33],"learning":[34,90],"(DL)":[35],"constitute":[36],"one":[37],"most":[40],"major":[41],"effective":[43],"tools":[44],"mapping.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"study,":[50],"we":[51],"used":[52],"high-resolution":[53],"Sentinel-2":[54],"imagery":[55],"from":[56,213],"Google":[57],"Engine":[59],"(GEE)":[60],"to":[61],"map":[62],"paddy":[63,208,246],"rice":[64,209,247],"winter":[66,211,249],"wheat":[67,212,250],"in":[68,182,191],"Bengbu":[70],"city":[71],"Anhui":[73],"Province,":[74],"China.":[75],"We":[76],"compared":[77],"performance":[79],"popular":[82],"DL":[83,162,185,235],"backbone":[84],"networks":[85],"with":[86,198],"traditional":[88],"machine":[89],"(ML)":[91],"methods,":[92],"including":[93],"HRNet,":[94],"MobileNet,":[95],"Xception,":[96],"Swin":[98,174],"Transformer,":[99,175],"within":[100],"improved":[102],"DeepLabv3+":[103],"architecture,":[104],"Segformer":[105,115,159,215],"random":[107],"forest":[108],"(RF).":[109],"The":[110,158,204],"results":[111,167],"showed":[112],"that":[113],"based":[116,251],"on":[117,252],"combination":[119],"Transformer":[122],"architecture":[123],"encoder":[124],"lightweight":[127],"multilayer":[128],"perceptron":[129],"(MLP)":[130],"decoder":[131],"achieved":[132],"an":[133,237],"overall":[134],"accuracy":[135,192],"(OA)":[136],"value":[137,145,155],"91.06%,":[139],"a":[140,149,229],"mean":[141,150],"F1":[142],"Score":[143],"(mF1)":[144],"89.26%":[147],"Intersection":[151],"over":[152],"Union":[153],"(mIoU)":[154],"80.70%.":[157],"outperformed":[160,188],"other":[161],"methods":[163,186,190],"by":[164,201,218],"combining":[165],"multiple":[169],"evaluation":[170],"metrics.":[171],"Except":[172],"which":[176],"was":[177],"slightly":[178],"lower":[179],"than":[180],"RF":[181,189],"OA,":[183],"all":[184],"significantly":[187],"main":[195],"objects,":[197],"mIoU":[199],"improving":[200],"about":[202],"13.5~26%.":[203],"predicted":[205],"images":[206],"were":[216],"characterized":[217],"accuracy,":[221],"clear":[222],"field":[223],"edges,":[224],"distinct":[225],"detail":[226],"features":[227],"low":[230],"false":[231],"classification":[232],"rate.":[233],"Consequently,":[234],"is":[236],"efficient":[238],"option":[239],"fast":[241],"accurate":[243],"RS":[253],"imagery.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2023-07-08T00:00:00"}