{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379386152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112922","title":"RETRACTED: An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on a Weighted Human Visual Comparison Mechanism for Safety Monitoring","display_name":"RETRACTED: An Infrared Small Target Detection Method Based on a Weighted Human Visual Comparison Mechanism for Safety Monitoring","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379386152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112922","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2922/pdf?version=1686127345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2922/pdf?version=1686127345","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437881","display_name":"Yuanyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9655-7828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China","School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061500521","display_name":"Huiqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-0744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huiqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101653614","display_name":"Yu Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-8765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071258855","display_name":"Jinhui Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-5589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092089394","display_name":"En Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9954-6705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017480383","display_name":"Southwest Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2rqs52","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017480383"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"En Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China","School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017480383"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049913829","display_name":"Enling Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enling Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061500521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":10.6188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97568353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2922","last_page":"2922"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6890929937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6624438166618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.6499553918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5957693457603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5403476357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5171774625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47373902797698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4502621293067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43895357847213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25277435779571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13058394193649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11503419280052185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6890929937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6624438166618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6499553918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5957693457603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5403476357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5171774625778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47373902797698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4502621293067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43895357847213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25277435779571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13058394193649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11503419280052185}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112922","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2922/pdf?version=1686127345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9e6e65fe477443785f33e89a6f32ba6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9e6e65fe477443785f33e89a6f32ba6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 2922 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112922","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2922/pdf?version=1686127345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1027322246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022MD713702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1261943739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1266442731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108410232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285799110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyj","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G128889823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSCQ-LZX0254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1322000790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFQ0025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1378109529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSCQ-LZX0254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1426318481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1528246587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102210077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G157961762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1707595141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060661075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A2044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2220156379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18B510021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2279303969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021XM3010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2360649509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJZD-k202000604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2373057471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSCQ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2515826366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2940306826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"192102210089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G307135022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102210077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3122837787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18B510021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3239092656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3366004332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2021jscx-gksbx0051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3507359256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108410232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G352159888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021XM3010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3551564831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102320370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3610197482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102320370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3744313044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Social","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3758693608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3843059500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202100602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910605392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSCQ-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4034987386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4049432719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jcyj","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4190197792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022MD713702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4315435110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJZD-k202000604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4351542054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021X","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G444082095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22B120006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4446033309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22B120006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4524980910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021GG01001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4630872448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22102210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4694846699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4974111420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102320370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5131986885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108410232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5136406491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021GG01001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5364117260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFQ0025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G543673327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJZD-k202000604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5570204100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5666800812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102210077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5762773393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5764175935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202100602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5784408095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSCQ-LZX0254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5817319763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2021jscx-gksbx0051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5830261330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"jcyj-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5860743463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"192102210089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5887441072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"192102210089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G592830781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6008563664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18B510021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6113805054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021GG01001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6126259920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G622650809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJZD-k202000604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6292312808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102320370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G631313699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6417222520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022MD713702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6595167885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyjmsxmX0666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6699905230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"192102210089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6839282111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22B120006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6903148147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18B510021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6931558010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G695691055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jcyj","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7001729737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021XM3010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G712068865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174558747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Group","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7723822525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFQ0025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7733388677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G778174149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7903420185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340928427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyjmsxmX0666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8524746985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSCQ-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8539175179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2021jscx-gksbx0051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8571783414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8589651859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8618101830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222102210077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8712621688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202100602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8855901513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202108410232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G989286425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327639","display_name":"Centre Scientifique et Technique du B\u00e2timent","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsd1928"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379386152.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979029663","https://openalex.org/W1983680350","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2013623601","https://openalex.org/W2024238499","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2041646550","https://openalex.org/W2044338621","https://openalex.org/W2067173181","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2093650732","https://openalex.org/W2172646014","https://openalex.org/W2288886961","https://openalex.org/W2338318173","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2346388536","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2537662059","https://openalex.org/W2540854551","https://openalex.org/W2566527471","https://openalex.org/W2593193508","https://openalex.org/W2594017825","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2608358103","https://openalex.org/W2727626132","https://openalex.org/W2782405382","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2792463169","https://openalex.org/W2885719068","https://openalex.org/W2899311632","https://openalex.org/W2900546872","https://openalex.org/W2903712687","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2918460136","https://openalex.org/W2947066337","https://openalex.org/W3008011481","https://openalex.org/W3017347451","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3046064342","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3098726713","https://openalex.org/W3103677069","https://openalex.org/W3112389165","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3120966226","https://openalex.org/W3124800118","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3174340591","https://openalex.org/W3197701085","https://openalex.org/W3207628311","https://openalex.org/W4294690680","https://openalex.org/W6785256656","https://openalex.org/W6790174033","https://openalex.org/W6803193927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069592018","https://openalex.org/W2075740387","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W2358990940","https://openalex.org/W2004323682","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2093931120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,25,34,170,231],"target":[2,94,159],"detection":[3,23,199],"is":[4,29,84,105,166,228,235],"a":[5,64,80,109],"crucial":[6],"technology":[7],"in":[8,27,38,56,216],"both":[9],"military":[10],"and":[11,18,36,41,95,125,134,155,189,213,234],"civilian":[12],"applications,":[13],"including":[14],"surveillance,":[15],"security,":[16],"defense,":[17],"combat.":[19],"However,":[20],"accurate":[21],"infrared":[22,53],"of":[24,74,115,168,208],"targets":[26,171],"real-time":[28],"challenging":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32,107,139,237],"their":[33,174],"size":[35],"similarity":[37],"gray":[39],"level":[40,104],"texture":[42],"with":[43,112,185],"the":[44,52,71,75,89,93,113,129,132,141,158,178,190,203,209],"surrounding":[45],"environment,":[46],"as":[47,49],"well":[48],"interference":[50],"from":[51,88],"imaging":[54],"systems":[55],"unmanned":[57],"aerial":[58],"vehicles":[59],"(UAVs).":[60],"This":[61,148],"article":[62],"proposes":[63],"weighted":[65,143],"local":[66,144],"contrast":[67,72,82,133,145],"method":[68,146,149,196,227],"based":[69,201],"on":[70,202,239],"mechanism":[73],"human":[76],"visual":[77],"system.":[78],"Initially,":[79],"combined":[81,138],"ratio":[83,116,219],"defined":[85],"that":[86,194],"stems":[87],"pixel-level":[90],"divergence":[91],"between":[92],"its":[96],"neighboring":[97],"pixels.":[98],"Then,":[99],"an":[100],"improved":[101],"regional":[102],"intensity":[103],"used":[106,205],"establish":[108],"weight":[110,135],"function":[111],"concept":[114],"difference":[117],"combination,":[118],"which":[119],"can":[120,156],"effectively":[121],"suppress":[122],"complex":[123],"backgrounds":[124],"random":[126],"noise.":[127],"In":[128,177,221],"final":[130,142],"step,":[131],"functions":[136],"are":[137],"create":[140],"(WRDLCM).":[147],"does":[150],"not":[151],"require":[152],"any":[153],"preconditioning":[154],"enhance":[157],"while":[160],"suppressing":[161],"background":[162],"interference.":[163],"Additionally,":[164],"it":[165],"capable":[167],"detecting":[169],"even":[172],"when":[173],"scale":[175],"changes.":[176],"experimental":[179,191],"section,":[180],"our":[181,195],"algorithm":[182],"was":[183],"compared":[184],"some":[186],"popular":[187],"methods,":[188],"findings":[192],"indicated":[193],"showed":[197],"strong":[198],"capability":[200],"commonly":[204],"performance":[206],"indicators":[207],"ROC":[210],"curve,":[211],"SCRG,":[212],"BSF,":[214],"especially":[215],"low":[217],"signal-to-noise":[218],"situations.":[220],"addition,":[222],"unlike":[223],"deep":[224],"learning,":[225],"this":[226],"appropriate":[229],"for":[230],"sample":[232],"sizes":[233],"easy":[236],"implement":[238],"FPGA":[240],"hardware.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}