{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378087202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112708","title":"A Pattern Classification Distribution Method for Geostatistical Modeling Evaluation and Uncertainty Quantification","display_name":"A Pattern Classification Distribution Method for Geostatistical Modeling Evaluation and Uncertainty Quantification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378087202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112708","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2708/pdf?version=1684841902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2708/pdf?version=1684841902","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020806029","display_name":"Chen Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Data Management and Applications, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Management and Applications, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042502290","display_name":"Li Zhuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8780-7944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Data Management and Applications, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Management and Applications, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004215370","display_name":"Zhe Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3718-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Data Management and Applications, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Management and Applications, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016140949","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-1411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646919","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-6782"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Digital Construction and Management for Transportation Infrastructure, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Digital Construction and Management for Transportation Infrastructure, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004215370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7287,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66246763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2708","last_page":"2708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6538013219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5500373840332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5479578375816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5187842845916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostatistics","display_name":"Geostatistics","score":0.44328832626342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2627187967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2600358724594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.12922191619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11879867315292358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6538013219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5500373840332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5479578375816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5187842845916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125572338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440020","display_name":"Geostatistics","level":3,"score":0.44328832626342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2627187967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2600358724594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.12922191619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11879867315292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112708","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2708/pdf?version=1684841902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbc596e594dd4fb5ad4fa70bb03b4c90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbc596e594dd4fb5ad4fa70bb03b4c90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 2708 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15112708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112708","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2708/pdf?version=1684841902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G210581272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M710482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2971078588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JQ-227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3384774141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6465790378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M710482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7819260696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JQ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338469","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378087202.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499512010","https://openalex.org/W1967854962","https://openalex.org/W1971972973","https://openalex.org/W1988228951","https://openalex.org/W1991133612","https://openalex.org/W2018173843","https://openalex.org/W2060716201","https://openalex.org/W2107835656","https://openalex.org/W2114267658","https://openalex.org/W2132481658","https://openalex.org/W2142161594","https://openalex.org/W2148903074","https://openalex.org/W2149684740","https://openalex.org/W2152854659","https://openalex.org/W2325311887","https://openalex.org/W2464972749","https://openalex.org/W2526735666","https://openalex.org/W2620443716","https://openalex.org/W2724442046","https://openalex.org/W2908740848","https://openalex.org/W2947975195","https://openalex.org/W2948893225","https://openalex.org/W2956157136","https://openalex.org/W2983286929","https://openalex.org/W2991490880","https://openalex.org/W3002591214","https://openalex.org/W3033857448","https://openalex.org/W3035076616","https://openalex.org/W3093145511","https://openalex.org/W3095426654","https://openalex.org/W3109916085","https://openalex.org/W3193486758","https://openalex.org/W3206166119","https://openalex.org/W4225914399","https://openalex.org/W4233100585","https://openalex.org/W4238081577","https://openalex.org/W4252656192","https://openalex.org/W4252917338","https://openalex.org/W4281568394","https://openalex.org/W4282842424","https://openalex.org/W4285093386","https://openalex.org/W4290704451","https://openalex.org/W4296674901","https://openalex.org/W4297832211","https://openalex.org/W4301764639","https://openalex.org/W4315487021","https://openalex.org/W4320180601","https://openalex.org/W4365515703","https://openalex.org/W6814795445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834608617","https://openalex.org/W1999627569","https://openalex.org/W2380998760","https://openalex.org/W763609066","https://openalex.org/W2277421442","https://openalex.org/W2585200381","https://openalex.org/W2380963126","https://openalex.org/W2466597139","https://openalex.org/W1559336379","https://openalex.org/W2352349437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geological":[0],"models":[1,166],"are":[2],"essential":[3],"components":[4],"in":[5,30,167],"various":[6,175],"applications.":[7],"To":[8],"generate":[9],"reliable":[10],"realizations,":[11],"the":[12,75,79,111,131,143],"geostatistical":[13,60,176],"method":[14,56,68],"focuses":[15],"on":[16,142],"reproducing":[17],"spatial":[18,76],"structures":[19],"from":[20],"training":[21],"images":[22],"(TIs).":[23],"Moreover,":[24],"uncertainty":[25],"plays":[26],"an":[27,38,90],"important":[28],"role":[29],"Earth":[31],"systems.":[32],"It":[33],"is":[34,187],"beneficial":[35],"for":[36],"creating":[37],"ensemble":[39],"of":[40,78,96,136,146,189],"stochastic":[41],"realizations":[42],"with":[43],"high":[44],"diversity.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49,63,124],"applied":[50],"a":[51,65,94,126,154,157],"pattern":[52],"classification":[53,99],"distribution":[54],"(PCD)":[55],"to":[57,69,74,88,102,119,129,178],"quantitatively":[58],"evaluate":[59],"modeling.":[61],"First,":[62],"proposed":[64],"correlation-driven":[66],"template":[67],"capture":[70],"geological":[71,104,121,192],"patterns.":[72],"According":[73],"dependency":[77],"TI,":[80],"region":[81],"growing":[82],"and":[83,98,116,169,196],"elbow-point":[84],"detection":[85],"were":[86],"launched":[87],"create":[89],"adaptive":[91],"template.":[92],"Second,":[93],"combination":[95],"clustering":[97,115],"was":[100,139,150],"suggested":[101],"characterize":[103],"realizations.":[105,180],"Aiming":[106],"at":[107],"simplifying":[108],"parameter":[109],"specification,":[110],"program":[112,149],"employed":[113],"hierarchical":[114],"decision":[117],"tree":[118],"categorize":[120],"structures.":[122,198],"Third,":[123],"designed":[125],"stacking":[127],"framework":[128],"develop":[130],"multi-grid":[132],"analysis.":[133],"The":[134,181],"contribution":[135],"each":[137],"grid":[138],"calculated":[140],"based":[141],"morphological":[144],"characteristics":[145],"TI.":[147],"Our":[148],"extensively":[151],"examined":[152],"by":[153],"channel":[155],"model,":[156],"2D":[158,162],"nonstationary":[159],"flume":[160],"system,":[161],"subglacial":[163],"bed":[164],"topographic":[165],"Antarctica,":[168],"3D":[170],"sandstone":[171],"models.":[172],"We":[173],"activated":[174],"programs":[177],"produce":[179],"experimental":[182],"results":[183],"indicated":[184],"that":[185],"PCD":[186],"capable":[188],"addressing":[190],"multiple":[191],"categories,":[193],"continuous":[194],"variables,":[195],"high-dimensional":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}