{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382767220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092477","title":"Construction and Assessment of a Drought-Monitoring Index Based on Multi-Source Data Using a Bias-Corrected Random Forest (BCRF) Model","display_name":"Construction and Assessment of a Drought-Monitoring Index Based on Multi-Source Data Using a Bias-Corrected Random Forest (BCRF) Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382767220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15092477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092477","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2477/pdf?version=1683595875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2477/pdf?version=1683595875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043825814","display_name":"Yihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8764-4173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169572211","display_name":"Northeast Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0515nd386","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169572211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077391385","display_name":"Linghua Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-8685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghua Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023722126","display_name":"Huanjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-7863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huanjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068108132","display_name":"Chong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-1022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038625649","display_name":"Yilin Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8606-8805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004156657","display_name":"Beisong Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beisong Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005373097","display_name":"Xinle Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-1881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinle Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130102, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023722126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75771325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"2477","last_page":"2477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7570580840110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.6409273743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.557953953742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-texture","display_name":"Soil texture","score":0.5369979739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5242003202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.4882374107837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4817904829978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.45703187584877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.4413038194179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.41342025995254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.33421140909194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.26544326543807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.18314719200134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17064279317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1017494797706604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7570580840110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.6409273743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.557953953742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175963888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026010","display_name":"Soil texture","level":3,"score":0.5369979739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5242003202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4882374107837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4817904829978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.45703187584877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.4413038194179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41342025995254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.33421140909194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.26544326543807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.18314719200134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17064279317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1017494797706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15092477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092477","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2477/pdf?version=1683595875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:536384e0131d45feac3fff6d2002737d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/536384e0131d45feac3fff6d2002737d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 2477 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/9/2477/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 2477","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15092477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092477","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2477/pdf?version=1683595875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2041864388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFD1500100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6441075463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021SYHZ0013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382767220.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1168748735","https://openalex.org/W2013552467","https://openalex.org/W2033996972","https://openalex.org/W2035340046","https://openalex.org/W2039361154","https://openalex.org/W2048488252","https://openalex.org/W2064491309","https://openalex.org/W2068094410","https://openalex.org/W2068371905","https://openalex.org/W2077968790","https://openalex.org/W2109731957","https://openalex.org/W2112776483","https://openalex.org/W2159639271","https://openalex.org/W2479032158","https://openalex.org/W2590662568","https://openalex.org/W2796055348","https://openalex.org/W2810149092","https://openalex.org/W2885747415","https://openalex.org/W2886836638","https://openalex.org/W2894673191","https://openalex.org/W2896394184","https://openalex.org/W2899848994","https://openalex.org/W2901732953","https://openalex.org/W2946559426","https://openalex.org/W2951353023","https://openalex.org/W2954978163","https://openalex.org/W2969292133","https://openalex.org/W3017073826","https://openalex.org/W3092851564","https://openalex.org/W4212981632","https://openalex.org/W4221082234","https://openalex.org/W4221090730","https://openalex.org/W4224918366","https://openalex.org/W4281480387","https://openalex.org/W4281697348","https://openalex.org/W4294189710","https://openalex.org/W4295898142","https://openalex.org/W4307900864","https://openalex.org/W6653977923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102874016","https://openalex.org/W2352756686","https://openalex.org/W2354103845","https://openalex.org/W3689139","https://openalex.org/W2030038391","https://openalex.org/W2080467217","https://openalex.org/W2329093186","https://openalex.org/W2043190763","https://openalex.org/W2364319254","https://openalex.org/W2992354484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agricultural":[0,175],"drought":[1,40,96,133,139,150,161,176,208,249,264,267],"significantly":[2,234],"impacts":[3,162],"agricultural":[4,39,138,149,207,240,263,279],"production,":[5],"highlighting":[6],"the":[7,61,71,105,145,218,237],"need":[8],"for":[9,17,38,262],"accurate":[10],"monitoring.":[11,41],"Accurate":[12],"agricultural-drought-monitoring":[13],"models":[14],"are":[15],"critical":[16],"timely":[18],"warning":[19],"and":[20,52,76,107,112,117,135,158,196,202,217,224,230,250,266,271],"prevention.":[21],"The":[22,84,99,115,128,156,206],"random":[23,93],"forest":[24,94],"(RF)":[25],"is":[26],"a":[27,92,122,273],"popular":[28],"artificial":[29],"intelligence":[30],"method":[31],"but":[32],"has":[33,153],"not":[34],"been":[35],"extensively":[36],"studied":[37],"Here,":[42],"multi-source":[43],"remote":[44],"sensing":[45],"data,":[46,55],"including":[47],"surface":[48,190],"temperature,":[49],"vegetation":[50],"index,":[51],"soil":[53,203],"moisture":[54],"were":[56,79,167,233],"used":[57,69,80,89],"as":[58,70,81,187],"independent":[59],"variables;":[60],"3-month":[62],"standardized":[63],"precipitation":[64,188],"evapotranspiration":[65],"index":[66,97],"(SPEI_3)":[67],"was":[68,88,180],"dependent":[72],"variable.":[73],"Soil":[74],"texture":[75,204],"terrain":[77],"data":[78],"auxiliary":[82],"variables.":[83],"bias-corrected":[85],"RF":[86],"model":[87],"to":[90,165,173,276],"construct":[91],"synthesized":[95],"(RFSDI).":[98],"drought-degree":[100],"determination":[101],"coefficients":[102],"(R2)":[103],"of":[104,160,220,239,248,252],"training":[106],"test":[108],"sets":[109],"reached":[110,215,227],"0.86":[111],"0.89,":[113],"respectively.":[114],"RFSDI":[116,129],"SPEI_3":[118],"fit":[119],"closely,":[120],"with":[121,182,236],"correlation":[123],"coefficient":[124],"(R)":[125],"above":[126],"0.92.":[127],"accurately":[130],"reflected":[131],"typical":[132],"years":[134],"effectively":[136],"monitored":[137],"in":[140,151,178,222,269],"Northeast":[141],"China":[142],"(NEC).":[143],"In":[144],"past":[146],"18":[147],"years,":[148],"NEC":[152,179,243,270],"generally":[154],"decelerated.":[155],"degree":[157],"scope":[159],"from":[163,171],"2003":[164],"2010":[166,172],"greater":[168],"than":[169],"those":[170],"2020.":[174],"occurrence":[177,209,221,238],"associated":[181],"dominant":[183],"climatic":[184],"variables":[185],"such":[186],"(PRE),":[189],"temperature":[191,231],"(Ts),":[192],"relative":[193],"humidity":[194],"(RHU),":[195],"sunshine":[197],"duration":[198],"(SSD),":[199],"alongside":[200],"elevation":[201],"differences.":[205],"percentage":[210,219],"at":[211],"50\u2013500":[212],"m":[213],"elevations":[214],"94.91%,":[216],"loam":[223],"sandy":[225],"soils":[226],"90.31%.":[228],"Water":[229],"changes":[232],"correlated":[235],"drought.":[241,280],"Additionally,":[242],"showed":[244],"an":[245],"alternating":[246],"cycle":[247],"waterlogging":[251],"about":[253],"10":[254],"years.":[255],"These":[256],"results":[257],"have":[258],"significant":[259],"application":[260],"potential":[261],"monitoring":[265],"prevention":[268],"demonstrate":[272],"new":[274],"approach":[275],"comprehensively":[277],"evaluating":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
