{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366827652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092229","title":"Statistical Study of the Ionospheric Slab Thickness at Beijing Midlatitude Station","display_name":"Statistical Study of the Ionospheric Slab Thickness at Beijing Midlatitude Station","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366827652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15092229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092229","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2229/pdf?version=1682386546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2229/pdf?version=1682386546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041582911","display_name":"Yuqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-7086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005556414","display_name":"Yong Cheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-9939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059266023","display_name":"Fubin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8192-8924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fubin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111040095","display_name":"Jian Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao 266107, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102791067","display_name":"Tong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-3038"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao 266107, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102369020","display_name":"Zhongxin Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao 266107, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101839091","display_name":"Jiawei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1055-4643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042742627","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-2495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389006","display_name":"Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0913-0501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Hubei University, Wuhan 430061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hubei University, Wuhan 430061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101795752","display_name":"Zhengyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1678-9694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613562","display_name":"Chen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-9451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100613562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04776604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"2229","last_page":"2229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.8558683395385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.8132330179214478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunrise","display_name":"Sunrise","score":0.7879781723022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equinox","display_name":"Equinox","score":0.7750726938247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-latitudes","display_name":"Middle latitudes","score":0.7559272646903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.6859309673309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.6705739498138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunset","display_name":"Sunset","score":0.6639711856842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morning","display_name":"Morning","score":0.5850397944450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5809200406074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.5744385719299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.5390313267707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-maximum","display_name":"Solar maximum","score":0.42981404066085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cycle","display_name":"Solar cycle","score":0.377630352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.35255610942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.34553003311157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2374277412891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20299223065376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1973433792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.08734261989593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"Solar wind","score":0.07746890187263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.07548972964286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.05394166707992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.05296054482460022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.8558683395385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.8132330179214478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38262639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193294","display_name":"Sunrise","level":2,"score":0.7879781723022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43157870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3635600","display_name":"Equinox","level":3,"score":0.7750726938247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.7559272646903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.6859309673309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6705739498138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85148207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166564","display_name":"Sunset","level":2,"score":0.6639711856842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.5850397944450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5809200406074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.5744385719299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.5390313267707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52083857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1445154","display_name":"Solar maximum","level":5,"score":0.42981404066085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43867161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49385","display_name":"Solar cycle","level":4,"score":0.377630352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.35255610942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.34553003311157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2374277412891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20299223065376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1973433792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.08734261989593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.07746890187263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.07548972964286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.05394166707992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.05296054482460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15092229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092229","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2229/pdf?version=1682386546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3fb47f37ae2f4d4db8f2ea63b88157c2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3fb47f37ae2f4d4db8f2ea63b88157c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 2229 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/9/2229/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 2229","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15092229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092229","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/9/2229/pdf?version=1682386546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1385685670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CFA054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1741013549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42074187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3491350358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42204161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5179956310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CFB651","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G562314711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20200101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6163091765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8716806032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC Grant No. 42204161, 42074187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366827652.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649116638","https://openalex.org/W1586779072","https://openalex.org/W1637173820","https://openalex.org/W1657877950","https://openalex.org/W1673977746","https://openalex.org/W1823108035","https://openalex.org/W1973193809","https://openalex.org/W1986137085","https://openalex.org/W1987978669","https://openalex.org/W1991816476","https://openalex.org/W1996859389","https://openalex.org/W1999277843","https://openalex.org/W2007940437","https://openalex.org/W2014084087","https://openalex.org/W2022719738","https://openalex.org/W2036550642","https://openalex.org/W2050390051","https://openalex.org/W2054118239","https://openalex.org/W2062678061","https://openalex.org/W2070578986","https://openalex.org/W2089302478","https://openalex.org/W2089480831","https://openalex.org/W2090642173","https://openalex.org/W2102205658","https://openalex.org/W2113391155","https://openalex.org/W2116040235","https://openalex.org/W2123578968","https://openalex.org/W2139687083","https://openalex.org/W2143200471","https://openalex.org/W2148212327","https://openalex.org/W2152806963","https://openalex.org/W2169156866","https://openalex.org/W2212796808","https://openalex.org/W2280789573","https://openalex.org/W2529971883","https://openalex.org/W2557541498","https://openalex.org/W2794266317","https://openalex.org/W2885500473","https://openalex.org/W2896082859","https://openalex.org/W3010195382","https://openalex.org/W3019310424","https://openalex.org/W3095306933","https://openalex.org/W3119660281","https://openalex.org/W3176664817","https://openalex.org/W3208862045","https://openalex.org/W4200217231","https://openalex.org/W4213071213","https://openalex.org/W4282825508","https://openalex.org/W4307189631","https://openalex.org/W6636797754","https://openalex.org/W6774889240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386487847","https://openalex.org/W2116040235","https://openalex.org/W3201492836","https://openalex.org/W2023154189","https://openalex.org/W4366827652","https://openalex.org/W2073420065","https://openalex.org/W2908790106","https://openalex.org/W2051811734","https://openalex.org/W3192211598","https://openalex.org/W4255227099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,303],"ratio":[1],"of":[2,34,55,67,109,136,151,228,310,316,368,403,428],"the":[3,9,18,35,43,56,65,74,87,101,104,110,114,140,145,155,178,187,191,212,233,240,258,270,280,291,307,313,324,333,336,340,348,356,360,371,375,386,401,412,425],"total":[4],"electron":[5,12],"content":[6],"(TEC)":[7],"to":[8,46,347,385,423],"F2-layer":[10],"peak":[11],"density":[13],"(NmF2)":[14],"is":[15,30,63,100,127,171,200,245,300,364],"known":[16,25],"as":[17,26,353,355,418],"ionospheric":[19,57],"equivalent":[20],"slab":[21,58],"thickness":[22,59],"(EST,":[23],"also":[24,301],"\u03c4),":[27],"and":[28,39,98,157,206,230,250,277,285,329,335,380,415],"it":[29,99,197,273,381,419],"a":[31,51,172,317,365],"crucial":[32],"indicator":[33],"ionosphere.":[36],"Using":[37],"TEC":[38,229],"NmF2":[40,231],"data":[41],"from":[42,411],"years":[44,135,150,223],"2010":[45],"2017,":[47],"this":[48,254,396],"work":[49],"conducts":[50],"comprehensive":[52],"statistical":[53],"analysis":[54],"in":[60,64,96,106,134,149,175,216,370,405,432],"Beijing,":[61],"which":[62,244],"midlatitude":[66,406],"East":[68,433],"Asia.":[69,434],"outcomes":[71],"show":[72],"that":[73,257,306],"\u03c4":[75,90,95,105,115,126,131,146,176,188,205,217,249,260,311,337,369,404,429],"have":[76],"different":[77,81,119,219,408],"diurnal":[78,214],"variations":[79,215],"at":[80,430],"seasons":[82,220],"for":[83,103,121,144,165],"high/low-solar-activity":[84,122],"years.":[85,123,167],"On":[86],"whole,":[88],"daytime":[89,125,204],"significantly":[91],"greater":[92],"than":[93,129],"nighttime":[94,130],"summer,":[97,169],"opposite":[102,141],"winter":[107,164],"regardless":[108],"solar":[111,192,207],"cycle,":[112],"whereas":[113,196],"during":[116,132,147,163,177,194,221,269,279,312,332,339,359,374,395],"equinox":[117,133,148],"shows":[118],"morphology":[120],"Specifically,":[124],"larger":[128],"high-solar":[137],"activity,":[138],"while":[139,272],"situation":[142],"applies":[143],"low-solar":[152],"activity.":[153,208],"Moreover,":[154,362],"pre-sunrise":[156],"post-sunset":[158],"peaks":[159],"are":[160],"most":[161,376],"pronounced":[162],"low-solar-activity":[166],"In":[168,236],"there":[170,199,363],"great":[173],"increase":[174,262,276],"morning":[179],"hours":[180],"when":[181,263],"compared":[182,264],"with":[183,190,265],"other":[184,393],"seasons.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"decreases":[189],"activity":[193],"nighttime,":[195,281],"seems":[198],"no":[201],"correlation":[202],"between":[203,407],"This":[209,398],"paper":[210,255,399],"explained":[211],"primary":[213],"across":[218],"high-/low-solar-activity":[222],"by":[224,247,323],"analyzing":[225],"relative":[226],"fluctuations":[227],"throughout":[232],"corresponding":[234,252],"period.":[235,397],"addition,":[237],"based":[238],"on":[239,296],"disturbance":[241,309,349,367],"index":[242],"(DI),":[243],"calculated":[246],"instantaneous":[248],"its":[251,266],"median,":[253],"found":[256],"storm-time":[259,416],"might":[261,320,344,382],"median":[267],"value":[268],"daytime,":[271],"may":[274],"both":[275],"decrease":[278],"especially":[282],"around":[283],"dawn":[284],"dusk":[286],"hours.":[287],"To":[288],"further":[289],"analyze":[290],"physical":[292],"mechanism,":[293],"an":[294],"example":[295],"2":[297],"October":[298],"2013":[299],"presented.":[302],"results":[304],"indicate":[305],"positive":[308],"main":[314],"phase":[315,343,373],"geomagnetic":[318],"storm":[319],"be":[321,345,383,421],"caused":[322],"prompt":[325],"penetration":[326],"electric":[327,351,387],"field":[328,352,388],"neutral":[330,357,390],"wind":[331,358,391],"storm,":[334],"increases":[338],"early":[341],"recovery":[342,372],"due":[346,384],"dynamo":[350],"well":[354],"storm.":[361],"negative":[366],"disturbed":[377],"sunrise":[378],"hours,":[379],"reversal,":[389],"or":[392],"factors":[394],"notes":[400],"differences":[402],"longitudinal":[409],"sectors":[410],"related":[413],"climatology":[414],"behavior,":[417],"would":[420],"helpful":[422],"improve":[424],"current":[426],"understanding":[427],"midlatitudes":[431]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
