{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362557925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071930","title":"A New Algorithm for Ill-Posed Problem of GNSS-Based Ionospheric Tomography","display_name":"A New Algorithm for Ill-Posed Problem of GNSS-Based Ionospheric Tomography","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362557925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071930","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1930/pdf?version=1680589796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1930/pdf?version=1680589796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100723775","display_name":"Debao Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Debao Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059014216","display_name":"Kangyou Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangyou Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033747630","display_name":"Yinghao Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015764816","display_name":"Dengkui Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengkui Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329954","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-925X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645832","display_name":"Hanqing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100723775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73357053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"1930","last_page":"1930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde","display_name":"Ionosonde","score":0.7298792600631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7099096179008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.6751163005828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.5996689796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5802953839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5585322976112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.4549909830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.45310020446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.4491538405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.440765917301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4327981173992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.43278735876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.42423680424690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","score":0.4215676486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3918306231498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.3486507534980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2386946976184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22929009795188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.16156193614006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16076669096946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13086575269699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density","display_name":"Electron density","score":0.11979943513870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08910718560218811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.7298792600631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7099096179008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6751163005828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.5996689796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5802953839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5585322976112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.4549909830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.45310020446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.4491538405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.440765917301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4327981173992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.43278735876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.42423680424690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.4215676486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3918306231498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3486507534980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2386946976184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22929009795188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.16156193614006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16076669096946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13086575269699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.11979943513870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08910718560218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071930","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1930/pdf?version=1680589796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0795d3686e7d41628a8c0fb935f6c248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0795d3686e7d41628a8c0fb935f6c248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1930 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1930/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1930","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs15071930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071930","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1930/pdf?version=1680589796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G28709350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4878040947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42070430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362557925.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599410111","https://openalex.org/W2011354688","https://openalex.org/W2029411841","https://openalex.org/W2035931848","https://openalex.org/W2045596450","https://openalex.org/W2045601207","https://openalex.org/W2046309083","https://openalex.org/W2070100243","https://openalex.org/W2076050308","https://openalex.org/W2076569424","https://openalex.org/W2080795142","https://openalex.org/W2153568285","https://openalex.org/W2157403944","https://openalex.org/W2209628630","https://openalex.org/W2278016148","https://openalex.org/W2391413066","https://openalex.org/W2585980218","https://openalex.org/W2601862135","https://openalex.org/W2888576504","https://openalex.org/W2951321140","https://openalex.org/W2957162079","https://openalex.org/W3010952324","https://openalex.org/W3016091918","https://openalex.org/W3020356245","https://openalex.org/W3145896705","https://openalex.org/W3203381959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2176508217","https://openalex.org/W2144451755","https://openalex.org/W3114732892","https://openalex.org/W2348427467","https://openalex.org/W2546967401","https://openalex.org/W2906660171","https://openalex.org/W4238120008","https://openalex.org/W3094348696","https://openalex.org/W2047914047","https://openalex.org/W1504547095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ill-posedness":[0],"of":[1,11,24,70,84,102,128,138,155],"GNSS-based":[2],"ionospheric":[3,25,81,156],"tomography":[4,26],"affects":[5],"the":[6,9,12,29,42,57,65,68,71,85,92,118,125,129,139,152],"stability":[7],"and":[8,37,60,67,111],"accuracy":[10,36,59],"inversion":[13,35],"results.":[14],"Truncated":[15],"singular":[16,48],"value":[17,49],"decomposition":[18,50],"(TSVD)":[19],"is":[20,53,78,122,147],"a":[21,45,74],"common":[22],"algorithm":[23,52,150],"reconstruction.":[27],"However,":[28],"TSVD":[30],"method":[31,131],"usually":[32],"has":[33],"low":[34],"reconstruction":[38,154],"efficiency.":[39,62],"To":[40,63],"resolve":[41],"above":[43],"problem,":[44],"truncated":[46],"mapping":[47],"(TMSVD)":[51],"presented":[54],"to":[55],"improve":[56],"reconstructed":[58,87,100,126],"computational":[61],"authenticate":[64],"effectiveness":[66],"advantages":[69],"TMSVD":[72,103,130,146],"algorithm,":[73],"numerical":[75],"test":[76],"scheme":[77],"devised.":[79],"Finally,":[80],"temporal\u2013spatial":[82],"variations":[83],"selected":[86],"region":[88],"are":[89,132],"studied":[90],"using":[91],"GNSS":[93],"observations":[94],"under":[95],"different":[96],"geomagnetic":[97,112],"conditions.":[98],"The":[99,142],"results":[101],"can":[104],"accurately":[105],"reflect":[106],"semiannual":[107],"anomalies,":[108],"diurnal":[109],"variations,":[110],"storm":[113],"effects.":[114],"In":[115],"contrast":[116],"with":[117,135],"ionosonde":[119],"data,":[120],"it":[121],"found":[123],"that":[124,145],"profiles":[127],"more":[133],"consistent":[134],"than":[136],"those":[137],"IRI":[140],"2016.":[141],"study":[143],"suggests":[144],"an":[148],"efficient":[149],"for":[151],"tomographic":[153],"electron":[157],"density":[158],"(IED).":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2023-04-06T00:00:00"}
